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Celowe użycie szkodliwych czynników biologicznych w procesach pracy w Polsce na podstawie Krajowego Rejestru Czynników Biologicznych

100%
Kozajda A., Miśkiewicz E.
Medycyna Pracy
|
2023
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vol. 74
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issue 6
501-511
EN
Background The work presents the intentional use of harmful biological agents based on National Register of Biological Agents (Krajowego Rejestru Czynników Biologicznych – KRCB) collected by June 2023. Material and Methods The KRCB is a central database gathering notifications of the intentional use of biological agents in risk groups 2–4 in the workplace in accordance with the regulation of the Minister of Health of December 11, 2020 amending the regulation regarding biological agents. Results with the regulation of the Minister of Health of December 11, 2020 amending the regulation regarding biological agents. Results: Notifications were sent by 712 enterprises for: diagnostic – 62%, research – 31% and industrial purposes – 7%. Notifications were most often sent by hospital and non-hospital clinical and diagnostic laboratories (33% each group) and higher education and research units – 16%. In total, 7352 workers (88% women, 12% men) were exposed to biological agents intentionally used at work. Biological agents from 2 and 3 group risk were used by 98% and 16% enterprises, respectively. The most frequently were used bacteria Escherichia coli (with the exception of non-pathogenic strains) – 5972 (81%) exposed workers, Staphylococcus aureus – respectively 5760 (78%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 5155 (70%). Among the total workers, nearly 25% were exposed to at least 1 biological agent carcinogenic to humans, including viruses (hepatitis B virus [HBV] – 1800 workers, 24%; hepatitis C virus [HCV] – respectively, 1767, 24%; human immunodeficiency virus-1 [HIV-1] – 1557, 21%; human gammaherpesvirus type 4 (Epstein-Barr virus) – 199, 3%; Papillomaviridae – 52, <1%; human gammaherpesvirus type 8 [HHV-8] – 16, <1%; human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 [HTLV- 1] – 38, <1%; bacteria Helicobacter pylori – 299, 4%; parasites Schistosoma haematobium – 9, <1%). Conclusions Intentionally used biological agents most often pose a threat to workers of hospital and non-hospital clinical and diagnostic laboratories, but a higher health risk concerns workers of and higher education and research units.
PL
Wstęp Artykuł prezentuje analizę danych o celowym użyciu szkodliwych czynników biologicznych w zakładach pracy w Polsce na podstawie Krajowego Rejestru Czynników Biologicznych (KRCB) według stanu na czerwiec 2023 r. Materiał i metody Rejestr ten jest centralną bazą danych gromadzącą zgłoszenia celowego użycia w procesach pracy czynników biologicznych z grup 2–4 zagrożenia zgodnie z rozporządzeniem Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 11 grudnia 2020 r. zmieniającym rozporządzenie w sprawie szkodliwych czynników biologicznych dla zdrowia w środowisku pracy oraz ochrony zdrowia pracowników zawodowo narażonych na te czynniki. Wyniki Obecnie w KRCB zgromadzono 712 zgłoszeń użycia czynników biologicznych, w tym 62% w celach diagnostycznych, 31% – naukowo-badawczych i 7% – przemysłowych. Zgłoszenia najczęściej przesyłały kliniczno-diagnostyczne laboratoria przyszpitalne i inne niż przyszpitalne (po 33%) oraz laboratoria działające w szkołach wyższych i jednostkach naukowo-badawczych (16%). Ogółem liczba narażonych pracowników wynosiła 7352, w tym 88% kobiet i 12% mężczyzn. Czynniki z 2 i 3 grup zagrożenia stosowało, odpowiednio, 98% i 16% zakładów. Najczęściej celowo używano bakterii Escherichia coli (z wyjątkiem szczepów niepatogennych), na które były narażone 5972 osoby (81%), Staphylococcus aureus – 5760 (78%) i Pseudomonas aeruginosa – 5155 (70%). Wśród pracowników zgłoszonych do KRCB blisko 25% było narażonych na co najmniej 1 z czynników biologicznych kancerogennych dla człowieka, w tym wirusy [wirus zapalenia wątroby typu B (1800 osób, 24%) i typu C (1767, 24%), ludzki wirus niedoboru odporności typu 1 (1557, 21%), ludzki gammaherpeswirus typu 4 (wirus Epsteina-Barr) (199, 3%), Papillomaviridae (52, <1%), ludzki gammaherpeswirus typu 8 (16, <1%), ludzki wirus T-limfotropowy typu 1 (38, <1%)], bakterie [Helicobacter pylori (299, 4%)] i pasożyt [Schistosoma haematobium (9, <1%)]. Wnioski Celowo stosowane czynniki biologiczne najczęściej stanowią zagrożenie dla pracowników laboratoriów kliniczno-diagnostycznych, ale wyższe ryzyko zdrowotne dotyczy pracowników laboratoriów badawczo-rozwojowych.
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Zoonotic bacteria in the vicinity of animal farms as a factor disturbing the human microbiome: a review

81%
Kozajda A., Miśkiewicz E., Jeżak K.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2024
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vol. 37
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issue 2
138-152
EN
This review is aimed at summarizing the current state of knowledge about the relationship between environmental exposure to the bioaerosol emitted by intensive livestock farming and changes in the microbiome of people living in livestock farm vicinity. The PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science databases were searched by crossing keywords from the following 3 groups: a) “livestock,” “animal farms,” “animal breeding”; b) “microbiome,” “resistome”; c) “livestock vicinity,” “farm vicinity,” “neighborhoods and health” in 2010–2022. Literature screening did not reveal any paper related to the full microbiome composition in the population studied. In the study, the authors included 7 papers (5 from the Netherlands, 1 from the USA, and 1 from China). The studies confirmed the carriage of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), livestock-associated MRSA (LA-MRSA MC398) and multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA) in the nasal microbiome of adults and children living within 500–2000 m from a livestock farm. Clostridium difficile, including LA-ribotype RT078 carriage, was detected in the intestinal microbiome of adults living within 500–1000 m. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Enterobacteriaceae were confirmed in the intestinal microbiome of adults living within 500–6200 m. Knowledge on the composition of the microflora of people living in livestock farm vicinity is insufficient to conclude about changes in the microbiome caused by the environmental emission of bioaerosol. The carriage prevalence of the LA-bacteria, including both strains with antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial resistance genes, confirms the presence of zoonotic bacteria in the human microflora in populations without occupational contact with animals. It cannot be ruled out that zoonotic bacteria, as a component of the microbiome, have a negative impact on people’s health.
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