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EN
The article deals with the poetry of Joseph von Eichendorff and its interpretation from the phenomenological point of view. It aims to discuss and review the common interpretation that reads Eichendorff’s poetry in relation to the notion of homeland in the narrow meaning of this concept in order to demonstrate that his writing holds a much more universal character and can be interpreted in various ways. The proposed re-reading of Joseph von Eichendorff’s poetry emphases its interpretative ambiguity and indicates as well that the literary works – even those of the literary canon – allow new variants of reading.
EN
In the following paper the author presents Hans Werner Richter’s sociopolitical journalism before the formation of Gruppe 47. The author concentrates on the newspaper Ruf that was published from 1946 to 1947. In this paper the presentation of the political and literary profile is based on a few examples as well as the presentation of particular Richter’s articles. On the one hand the author analyses the subject matter of these articles, on the other the argumentation methods. The remarkable idea of this sociopolitical journalism is the postulate of the pragmatic synthesis between socialism and democracy. It should lead to new Europe after World War II era.
PL
Rozważania zawarte w niniejszym artykule ogniskują się wokół osoby Hansa Wernera Richtera, zachodnioniemieckiego publicysty, pisarza oraz animatora życia literackiego, który wszelką działalność literacką definiował jako szczególny rodzaj funkcji społecznej. W świadomości historyczno-literackiej Republiki Federalnej Niemiec istnieje on przede wszystkim jako inicjator Grupy 47, która przez ponad dwadzieścia lat swojego istnienia dominował a w krajobrazie literackim Niemiec Zachodnich. Artykuł jest zatem omówieniem fenomenu Grupy 47, jej roli jako forum nowej, demokratycznej, społecznie i politycznie zaangażowanej literatury, wyrosłej z opozycyjnej publicystyki pierwszych powojennych lat. Ukazuje jej rytuał, jej rolę jako centrum bezkompromisowej krytyki literackiej oraz jako miejsce styczności i powiązań między życiem literackim a politycznym w pierwszych dwóch dekadach Republiki Federalnej. Hans Werner Richter przedstawiony tu został jako ten, bez którego sama Grupa nie miałaby wręcz szans na tak długie istnienie i twórcze działanie.
EN
The paper is an attempt to present the ambivalent attitude of Jurek Becker, an East-German writer born in Lodz before World War II, towards his own life and ambiguous Jewish identity. The author examines two novels by Becker: “Jacob the Liar” and “The Boxer” which in the fictional literature space present the reality of Holocaust, which is an experience familiar to Jurek Becker. The focal aspect here is the correlation between the highly traumatic personal experiences of the writer in question and their literary transposition in the afore mentioned novels. What is characteristic for the writer is the unstraightforward nature of this correlation, in which the world created in the literary work is not a direct faithful depiction of the experienced world. In both novels Jurek Becker – similarly to his non-literary statements – avoids making any conclusive statements, also regarding his own Jewish identity, thus making his writing activity similar to playing a game with himself and the reader. To what extent this game is an element of a conscious strategy and to what extent it is merely a pose adopted by the writer remains an open question.
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