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Artefakty w opartych na metodach kwestionariuszowych badaniach psychologicznych kierowców

100%
Łuczak A., Tarnowski A.
Medycyna Pracy
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2014
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vol. 65
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issue 3
373-385
EN
Background: The purpose of this article is to draw attention to a significant role of social approval variable in the qustionnairebased diagnosis of drivers' psychological aptitude. Material and Methods: Three questionnaires were used: Formal Characteristics of Behavior - Temperament Inventory (FCB-TI), Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ-R(S) and Impulsiveness Questionnaire (Impulsiveness, Venturesomeness, Empathy - IVE). Three groups of drivers were analyzed: professional "without crashes" (N = 46), nonprofessional "without crashes" (N = 75), and nonprofessional "with crashes" (N = 75). Results: Nonprofessional drivers "without crashes" significantly stood up against other drivers. Their personality profile, indicating a significantly utmost perseveration, emotional reactivity, neuroticism, impulsiveness and the lowest endurance did not fit in to the requirements to be met by drivers. The driver safety profile was characteristic of professional drivers (the lowest level of perseveration, impulsiveness and neuroticism and the highest level of endurance). Similar profile occurred among nonprofessional drivers - the offenders of road crashes. Compared to the nonprofessional "without crashes" group, professional drivers and offenders of road crashes were also characterized by a significantly higher score on the Lie scale, determining the need for social approval. This is likely to result from the study procedure according to which the result of professional drivers testing had an impact on a possible continuity of their job and that of nonprofessional drivers "with crashes" decided about possible recovery of the driving license. Conclusions: The variable of social approval can be a significant artifact in the study of psychological drivers' testing and reduce the reliability of the results of questionnaire methods. Med Pr 2014;65(3):373–385
PL
Wstęp: Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na znaczącą rolę zmiennej aprobaty społecznej w diagnozie psychologicznych predyspozycji kierowców, opartej na metodach kwestionariuszowych. Przedstawione wyniki stanowią element analizy szerszych badań, które były poświęcone określeniu właściwości psychometrycznych wybranych kwestionariuszy temperamentu i osobowości, stosowanych w diagnozie predyspozycji kierowców. Materiał i metody: W badaniach wykorzystano 3 kwestionariusze: Formalną Charakterystykę Zachowania - Kwestionariusz Temperamentu (FCZ-KT), Kwestionariusz Osobowości Eysencka (Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Revised - EPQ-R(S)) i Kwestionariusz Impulsywności IVE (Impulsiveness Questionnaire - Impulsiveness, Venturesomeness, Empathy - IVE). Analizie poddano wyniki 3 grup kierowców - zawodowych „bezwypadkowych" (N = 46), amatorów „bezwypadkowych" (N = 75) i amatorów „wypadkowych" (N = 75). Wyniki: Istotnie odróżniali się od pozostałych kierowcy amatorzy „bezwypadkowi", których profil osobowościowy - wskazujący na istotnie najwyższą perseweratywność, reaktywność emocjonalną, neurotyczność i impulsywność oraz istotnie najniższą wytrzymałość - nie przystawał do wymagań stawianych kierowcom. Profil bezpiecznego kierowcy cechował kierowców zawodowych (najniższa perseweratywność, impulsywność i neurotyczność oraz istotnie najwyższa wytrzymałość). Podobny profil wystąpił w grupie kierowców amatorów - sprawców wypadków drogowych. Kierowców zawodowowych i amatorów „wypadkowych" cechował też istotnie wyższy w porównaniu z amatorami „bezwypadkowymi" wynik na skali kłamstwa, określającej potrzebę aprobaty społecznej. Jest on prawdopodobnie skutkiem procedury badawczej, zgodnie z którą w przypadku kierowców zawodowych wynik badania miał wpływ na możliwość dalszego wykonywania pracy na stanowisku kierowcy, a w przypadku amatorów „wypadkowych" decydował o możliwości odzyskania zatrzymanego prawa jazdy. Wnioski: Zmienna aprobaty społecznej może być istotnym artefaktem w badaniach psychologicznych kierowców i obniżać rzetelność wyników badań kwestionariuszowych. Skala kłamstwa nie powinna być stosowana do korygowania wyników innych skal kwestionariuszowych wykorzystywanych w psychologicznych badaniach kierowców. Med. Pr. 2014;65(3):373–385
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The effect of age and personality on the main cognitive processes in drivers

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Biernacki M., Tarnowski A.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2011
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vol. 24
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issue 4
367-379
EN
Objectives: The purpose of this study is the evaluation of how the decline of cognitive abilities caused by aging is moderated by biologically determined personality dimensions: Neuroticism (N) and Extraversion (E). Materials and Methods: The research was conducted with the participation of 160 men in good physical health, professional drivers, aged 20–70 (Mean = 40, SD = 11). Personality traits were measured using Eysenck’s Personality Questionnaire - Revised (EPQ-R), while Ravens Progressive Matrices, Go/noGo Task and Peripheral Perception Test were used to evaluate cognitive processes. The score of Ravens Progressive Matrices was treated as a control variable. Results: The results of the study, based on a Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis, indicate that besides the intelligence level, age is the best predictor of cognitive functioning level and that this infl uence is additionally moderated by the N trait level as well as, less frequently, by the interaction of age and E. Conclusion: This means that high N trait level increases the infl uence of age on cognitive functions decline. When the N trait level was low, the age differences in measures of cognitive performance were not signifi cant. Thus, the level of N trait may play an important role in the process of cognitive aging. The results are discussed in the context of a driving safety research.
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WALIDACJA PSYCHOLOGICZNYCH METOD OCENY PREDYSPOZYCJI DO ZAWODU KIEROWCY

80%
Łuczak A., Tarnowski A.
Psychological Studies
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2012
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vol. 50
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issue 4
4
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Return to work after spinal stenosis surgery and the patient’s quality of life

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Truszczyńska A., Rąpała K., Truszczyński O., Tarnowski A., Łukawski S.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2013
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vol. 26
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issue 3
394-400
EN
Introduction: The return to work of patients who undergo spinal surgery poses important medical and social challenge. Objectives: 1) To establish whether patients who undergo spinal stenosis surgery later return to work. 2) To establish the patient's attitude towards employment. 3) To assess the quality of life of the patients and its influence on their attitude to work. Materials and Methods: The study population consisted of 58 patients aged from 21 to 80 years (the mean age was 52.33±14.12). There were 29 women (50%) and 29 men (50%) in the group. The patients' quality of life was measured by the use of the WHOQOL-BREF instrument. Individual interviews were conducted 3 to 8 months (a mean of 5.72 months ±1.6) after the surgery. Results: 1) Although 13 patients (22.3%) returned to work, 44 (75.9%) did not, these being manual workers of vocational secondary education. 2) Almost half of the patients (27 patients, i.e. 44%) intend to apply for disability pension, 16 patients (27.6%) consider themselves unfit to work, 22 patients (37.9%) do not feel like working again. 3) The quality of life of the patients decreased. Domain scores for the WHOQOL-BREF are transformed to a 0-100 scale. The mean physical health amounted to 60.67 (±16.31), the mean psychological health was 58.78 (±16.01), while the mean social relations with family and friends were 59.91 (±20.69), and the mean environment 59.62 (±12.48). Conclusions: 1) A total of 75% of the patients operated for lumbar spinal stenosis do not return to their preoperative work. Difficulties in returning to work and decreased quality of life are associated with female sex, lower-level education, hard physical work and low income. 2) Physical health, psychological health, social relations and environment decreased to the mean of approximately 60. 3) The quality of life of the patients who did return to work was similar to that of healthy people.
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