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Problem mocarstwowości Francji w ujęciu historycznym (do 1945 roku)

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Pachocka M.
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
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2011
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issue 1
165-201
PL
In the early twenty-first century, France has the necessary geographic, geopolitical, demographic, economic, military (nuclear), political and cultural potential to be one of the most powerful states within the international system. Its position and capabilities are, however, questioned, while stressing only its desire to be a superpower. This article analyzes the international position of France in historical perspective (from the seventeenth century to 1945), assuming that this state is an example of the evolution from a global superpower to a regional power. In the first part of the article, the theoretical framework for the further analysis has been included, the attempts to define the concepts of the great power and superpower have been taken, the classifications of great powers have been presented and the factors determining the power of states have been identified. In the second part, the author shows the evolution of a great power status of France on a few examples from its history, referring to the reign of Louis XIV, the times of Napoleon Bonaparte and the rule of Napoleon III. In the third part of the article, the international position of the Third French Republic is discussed, with particular emphasis on its foreign policy, including colonial one, since the 1870s to the German invasion in June 1940. The effects of World War II for its position in the international system are also described. The author concludes that France was a global superpower in two historical moments (the absolute monarchy of Louis XIV and the French Empire of Napoleon I), and is now a regional power with global interests. 
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Francuski system edukacji w perspektywie międzynarodowej na przykładzie szkolnictwa wyższego

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Pachocka M.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2013
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issue 4
s169-195
EN
In the 21st century, the education system is evaluated not only on the national or regional level, but also internationally. Globalisation is progressing in all areas of life, including the area of education, research and development, resulting in an increasing interdependence between countries around the world. These processes also apply to France. First, this country has more and more foreigners who are regularly involved in the national education system. In addition, France is actively involved in the process of European integration. This stimulates the movement of people between the Member States of the European Union and increases the need for absorption by the education system of successive generations of children and young people, often non-French speakers. Finally, France seeks to promote its culture and language, and one of the most effective tools in this regard is to educate foreigners, especially foreign students. Those who return to their countries of origin may become ambassadors of French values and culture. In a world that integrates regionally and globally, competitiveness and international attractiveness are key categories for each country that wants to ‘stand out’ in the system of international relations. As a result, the international comparisons and rankings in the field of higher education are becoming increasingly important. This paper refers to the part of the formal process of education in France under the current education system that includes French citizens, foreigners residing in France and persons temporarily studying in that country. The research effort focuses on the analysis and evaluation of selected aspects of the internationalisation of the French higher education system, as well as on its attractiveness and competitiveness on a global scale .
3
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„Kapitalizm czy kapitalizmy? Anatomia i ewolucja formacji” – sprawozdanie z konferencji Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie

100%
Pachocka M.
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
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2012
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issue 4
271-280
PL
brak abstraktu
4
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Zagadnienie mocarstwowości Francji w dobie V Republiki (do 2007 roku)

100%
Pachocka M.
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
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2012
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issue 1
233-284
PL
During World War II and the postwar years, France’s international position has been weakened. The seizure of power by Charles de Gaulle in 1958 contributed to a stabilization of the political situation in the country and to a redefinition of French foreign policy. The article analyzes the international position of France from the end of World War II until 2007, when Nicolas Sarkozy won the presidential election. Thus, the article covers the period of the existence of two French republics: the Fourth Republic in the years 1946–1958 and the Fifth Republic, which remains Hexagone’s contemporary political system since 1958. The article consists of three parts. In the first part the external and internal conditions of the birth of the Fifth Republic are presented, with particular emphasis on the role of its creator – Ch. de Gaulle. The second part discusses the importance of France in Europe aft er 1945, emphasizing its contribution to the process of European integration and to the development of relations with the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, the USSR/Russian Federation and the Mediterranean countries. Then, the third part of my article stresses the position of France in the system of international relations after World War II, analyzing it on the example of Franco-American and Franco-NATO relations, the French policy towards the Arab and African countries, and finally, on the example of the Republic’s multilateral diplomacy. I conclude that in the examined period 1945–2007 France is an example of the former global superpower, which builds and strengthens its international position as a regional power with global interests.
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Sytuacja demograficzna Francji na przełomie XX i XXI wieku – analiza wybranych zagadnień

100%
Pachocka M.
Studia z Polityki Publicznej
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2014
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vol. 1
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issue 2(2)
97-131
EN
This paper discusses the demographic potential of France in the late 20th and early 21st century. The research question concerning its demographic situation is answered through the in-depth description, analysis and assessment of the country's demographic resources in the period between 1991 and 2013, with respect to France excluding Mayotte or to metropolitan France. Due to the extensive and complex nature of the subject matter, the aspects of the demographic situation in France analysed in this paper have been chosen based on their relevance. Therefore, the paper consists of three main parts: population statistics and fluctuations in country's demographic structure, vital statistics (natality, fertility and mortality, excluding the question of marriages and divorces), as well as international migrations with a strong focus on the immigration to France. To sum up, the demographic situation in France is relatively optimistic when compared to other European countries (as exemplified by the rising total population figure, being the second most populated state in the EU, having positive natural increase rate and migration rate, approaching the threshold of generation renewal). The ageing of the population is one of the major demographic challenges for France; yet it is progressing at a slower pace than in the rest of Europe. Given its demographic situation, France actively seeks to define Europe-wide policy, for instance with respect to regulating international migrations.
PL
Przedmiotem rozważań w artykule jest potencjał demograficzny Francji na przełomie wieków XX i XXI. Odpowiedź na pytanie badawcze o sytuację demograficzną tego państwa zawiera się w pogłębionym opisie, analizie i ocenie jego zasobów demograficznych w latach 1991-2013, głównie w odniesieniu do części metropolitarnej. Z uwagi na szeroki i złożony zakres przedmiotowej problematyki, w artykule ograniczono się do analizy wybranych aspektów sytuacji demograficznej Francji, uznanych za szczególnie ważne i interesujące. W konsekwencji opracowanie składa się z trzech zasadniczych części, w których kolejno omówiono: bilans ludności i zmiany w strukturze demograficznej mieszkańców państwa, ruch naturalny ludności (urodzenia i płodność oraz umieralność, z wyłączeniem kwestii małżeństw i rozwodów) oraz migracje zagraniczne, z naciskiem na imigrację do Francji. Podsumowując, sytuacja demograficzna Francji jest relatywnie korzystna w porównaniu do innych państw europejskich (m.in. rosnąca ogólna liczba ludności, drugie miejsce w UE pod względem zaludnienia, dodatnie saldo naturalne i saldo migracji, zbliżanie się do granicy prostej zastępowalności pokoleń). Proces starzenia się społeczeństwa jest głównym wyzwaniem demograficznym, we Francji postępuje jednak relatywnie wolniej niż w innych państwach Europy. Z uwagi na swoją sytuację demograficzną Francja realnie wpływa na kształt polityki europejskiej, m.in. w zakresie migracji zagranicznych.
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Polish Cities and Their Experience in Integration Activities - The Case of Warsaw

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Wach D., Pachocka M.
Studia Europejskie-Studies in European Affairs
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2022
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vol. 26
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issue 2
89-105
EN
In recent years, the issues of integration - related on the one hand to people referred to as foreigners, immigrants, newcomers, etc. - and on the other hand to host societies - have been gaining importance in the Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries, including Poland. Before the political and socio-economic transformation at the turn of the 1980s and the 1990s, it was a country relatively closed to international migration. Only in the early 1990s did it open up to migration flows. That was also the time when the state's policy in this area had been gradually emerging. The preparations for EU membership enforced the process of developing a national migration policy. Poland's accession to the EU in 2004 and to the Schengen zone in 2007 saw its full involvement in EU migration governance in terms of internal and external policies, and thus the further Europeanisation of national law, public policy, and practices in the field of migration management. Recent years have seen a change in Poland's migration status, which has now become an emigration-immigration state, and the near future may bring about its transition into a new immigration state, especially in connection with the influx of large numbers of forced migrants from Ukraine since the end of February 2022. At the time of writing, that is mid-2022, Poland does not have a formalised integration policy at the central level. National law provides integration measures only for beneficiaries of international protection (persons with refugee status and subsidiary protection), which concerns a very small group of foreigners. However, the last two decades have seen increased involvement at the local government level (especially in cities) in integration. This is a process taking place in local communities with the support of other actors such as NGOs, informal associations, or universities. One such example is Warsaw, the capital of Poland, where the largest number of migrants, both voluntary and forced, live. This paper aims to explore the selected practices undertaken by some of Warsaw’s municipal institutions and offi ces, which can be treated as an important part of the local integration policy and which could be a role model for other cities less experienced in immigrant integration.
7
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„Kryzys, niepewność i niestabilność we współczesnej Europie” – sprawozdanie z Konferencji Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Szkoły Głównej Handlowej w Warszawie

63%
Pachocka M., Romiszewska A.
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
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2013
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issue 4
199-208
PL
brak abstraktu
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