Formally the management over the shipping and the whole Odra infrastructure was directed to Poland not earlier than 12 of August 1946. In order to properly manage the Odra river, the proper units of state administration had to be appointed. In 1946 came into being the state water boards separate for every harbour city. After a number of reorganizations, there came into being two ship owners enterprises on the Odra. The first is a state enterprise, Shipping on the Odra with the head office in Wrocław, that operated on the whole Odra river, and the second was a state enterprise Szczecin Shipping with the head office in Szczecin, that operated on the Lower Odra, from the aggregate main in Belinek to Świnoujście. For more than a half of a century, the lack of imagination of managers and at the same time, designation of too little resources lead to the degradation of infrastructure and means of transport on the Odra river. Currently accepted by Poland and the European Union development- repair programmes give hope that the water transport on the Odra river will be given back its proper place among other means of transport.
Since April 26th ,2007 in Poland, the crisis management act has been in force. It is the first legal act of system defining which organs are appropriate for the crisis management matters, their tasks and financing rules of the crisis management tasks. Following this act the Prime Minister in the regulation nr 64 of 15th of June 2007 appointed the Government Representative to organize the Governmental Centre of Emergency. It inspired the Author to present the structures of the crisis management, their competences and obligations resulting from the above mentioned act in the context of standards of the EU and NATO member countries.
In this publictaion the authors show the essential point of the strategy and stages of its creating in relation to the opinions of well-known theorists of the organisation and management science.
In this article the influence of a company's quality management on competitiveness and regional development are discussed. In the era of globalisation competitiveness is crucial. Classic management theories may not meet the challenges and threaten the firm's existence. For this reason the authors do not present the history and assumptions of modern quality management, but rather focus on its influence on the comapany's competitiveness. Nowadays complex quality management and quality management systems in accordance with ISO are requirements for ensuring a a strong market position for companies and as a consequence the development of regions in which they are located.
Marketing management of services of work agencies is a very difficult and complex task.This complexity derives from the specificity of tasks realised by work agencies and the specificity of product offered by these agencies, namely fight with unemployment. As the fight against unemployment should not be, as it is in many cases,the registration of the unemployed and paying them the umployment benefits,the authors discuss in detail, basing on the conducted research, the theory of functions of services marketing and its practical realisation on work agencies, indicating the constant lack of sources and efficient solutions.
Retaining walls have been classified and characterized as structures protecting road or railway embankments against landslides. Particular attention was focused on retaining structures classified as light [1-3, 5-12, 14-24], which include, among others, walls made of gabions. Physical models of the gabion retaining wall, prepared on a laboratory scale, test stand and how to perform spatial deformation tests are presented. The models differed in the number and dimensions of gabions. On the basis of measured horizontal deformations of embankment models with a gabion wall, which were subjected to vertical static pressure at the level of the embankment ceiling, the values of basic strength parameters were determined. In particular, the value calculated: horizontal pressure coefficient, shear strength and modulus of deformation. The variability of the values of these parameters was estimated as a function of variable factors related to the gabion wall configuration (determined by the number and dimensions of gabions) and the value of the external load test.
Selected methods of constructing special inserts in the transition zones between the embankment of the railway track and the engineering object (bridge, viaduct, or culvert) were discussed. The purpose of mounting the designed inserts is to eliminate the so-called threshold effect, i.e. continuously creating a mild change in the stiffness of the ground under the track. In addition to the solutions presented in practice, attention was also paid to projects developed by the authors of this article. T
Aviation security is an important component of the concept of general national security, the system of personal security, public safety and transport safety from external and internal threats. Maintaining an acceptable level of national aviation safety is a priority for the industry. Economic security is very important in the context of globalization. The main tool for ensuring these tasks is proactive risk management. The development of economic risk management tools is relevant for sustainable development of both the industry of civil aviation in particular, and in the state economy as a whole.
The article shows that in the context of accelerating the processes of economic integration in aviation logistics at the micro, meso and macro levels, complicating the forms of business organization, the emergence of new forms of cooperation between companies and new ways of jointly creating added value, many organizational boundaries in the economy are becoming more blurred and dynamic. The use of the concept of “ecosystem” in research is growing. An attempt is made to consider the possibility of using the “ecosystem” design for economic analysis at the aggregated level and to highlight the elements of the aviation logistics ecosystem on which the attention of researchers will be focused. From the authors’ point of view, the aviation logistics ecosystem is a combination of aviation, logistics, transport and postal organizations, which provides goods express delivery supply chains with the system of interconnected technologies. In the framework of the article analysis of air cargo industry framework, synchronization and digitization of service operations in air cargo service supply chain, express delivery supply chains were represented. The authors proposed a mathematical model that allows logisticians to optimize the supply chain of special categories of goods, which is one of the priority tasks of the aviation logistics ecosystem.
The article aims to present the results of research conducted by the International University of Logistics and Transport in Wroclaw on behalf of the Municipality of Wroclaw, concerning the demand for transportation among entrepreneurs in Wroclaw Agglomeration in the medium term (3 - 5 years). The essence of the study was to determine the volume of traffic generated by enterprises excluding intra-urban traffic and to provide additional information describing this movement in terms of dynamics and modes of transport used. The obtained results are compared to research conducted by J. Burnewicz (2007) regarding the projected demand for transport services in Poland until 2020.
The subject of the article concerns the stabilization of communication earthworks using the so-called lightweight retaining structures. The stability of the embankment with the embankment built with the gabion wall is analysed, assuming a uniformly distributed load on the crown and a case of unilateral water pressure in the event of a flood. Final results of stability calculations made with the Fellenius and Bishop method in the form of slip surface with the smallest value of the coefficient were presented. Then, assuming the case of damming up of flood water, discretization of the filtration area, velocity distribution and hydrodynamic grating and slip surfaces were developed. The variable parameter is the wall configuration.
The publication considers reinforced soil in relation to the construction of retaining walls in communication construction. The basic elements determining the cooperation of reinforcement inserts with the ground centre are discussed, depending on the features characterizing the components of the composite. The method and selected results of tests performed on a massif model with a vertical wall made of non-cohesive ground have been presented. A calculation example is given concerning the internal dimensioning of the reinforcement of the considered massif model, assuming the work of inserts without slipping in the ground centre. The concept of reinforcement co-operation indicator with the ground centre was introduced and a dependence to calculate its value was developed. The values of co-operation indicators: general and partial, concerning individual measurement levels of the model have been presented appropriately.
World civil aviation is an open-source system that is affected by a large number of related and non-related factors. Aviation safety is one of the prioritized directions in the industry. Its managerial decision-making process is primarily based on a versatile analysis of security data in which the choice of the appropriate mathematical apparatus is fundamental. This article suggests applying fractal-statistical analysis to evaluate the aviation safety management system in terms of determining the random distribution of quantitative dynamics of aircraft crashes with lethal consequences in the period from 1946 to 2017. This allows us to verify the adequacy of probabilistic approaches appliance in analysing the dynamics of aviation disasters. The results of research carried out on the basis of the Hurst exponent have allowed us to conclude that the dynamics of aviation disasters is characterized by the effect of "spatial memory". In other words, these are "hidden laws", for which further investigation can become an effective tool for the development of proactive methods in managing aviation safety.
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