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PL
Artykuł zawiera przegląd badań dotyczących roli ojca w kształtowaniu się przywiązania dziecka oraz uwarunkowań przywiązania dającego poczucie bezpieczeństwa w odniesieniu do roli każdego z rodziców. Wnioski płynące z badań w obszarze przywiązania wskazują na komplementarne role matki i ojca w rozwoju dziecka. Z jednej strony potwierdzają znaczenie zaangażowania każdego z nich w opiekę i wychowanie począwszy od narodzin, z drugiej dostarczają dowodów na różnice ról i wagę każdej z nich w prawidłowym rozwoju dziecka. Wyniki badań wskazują również na znaczenie współrodzicielstwa w kształtowaniu się poczucia bezpieczeństwa i podstaw zdrowej adaptacji. Porozumienie i wspólne wychowywanie dziecka odgrywają istotną, bezpośrednią i pośrednią, rolę w podnoszeniu jakości opieki nad dzieckiem.
EN
The article contains a review of research findings on the role of the father in shaping of the child’s attachment model and conditions of attachment which give the sense of safety in relations of the role of each of the parents. Conclusions drawn from the research on attachment point to the complementarity of roles of mothers and fathers in children’s development. On one hand, they stress the importance of involvement of both parents in the care and upbringing of the child starting from its birth, and on the other – they bring evidence on the differences between those roles and importance of each of them for an adequate development of the child. The research findings draw also attention to the significance of co-parenting in shaping of the child’s sense of safety and basis for healthy adaptation. Agreement and shared upbringing of the child plays an important role in increasing the quality of child care, both directly and indirectly.
EN
Article addresses the problem of child’s and the educational system’s readiness to start school by children six years old. It is a proposition of different approach to this problem and recognizing school readiness in a double perspective, as ‘the readiness (of the child) to school’ and ‘readiness of the school (for a child)’. It gives an opportunity to take into account a broad range of factors involved in the process leading to effective support of the child in the education system and support of the education system. The text is also a proposal to change the way of leading public debate on education and reducing of school age. It introduces the concept of ‘discourse of quality’ and ‘iscourse of meaning making’ as an alternative which allows consideration of different points of view and striving for mutual understanding. It also introduces a proposal to adopt a theoretical framework for analyzing the readiness of state, society, institutions, families, and the childe for mutual interactions. The aim of these interactions is to increase the effectiveness in realizing both, personal and social goals. The purpose of this article is an attempt to leave the vicious circle of ‘discourse of quality’, which in current, Polish reality, underlies growing social divisions and conflicts between ‘followers’ of different approaches to childhood, upbringing and education. It is a proposal to adopt such perspective to analysis of the problem, which can be a basis for planning practical solutions in the sphere of public debate and planning activities within the ‘child - institution’ system.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje wyniki badania, którego celem było zweryfikowanie hipotez dotyczących związków między wybranymi czynnikami podmiotowymi i kontekstowymi a strategią adaptacji dziecka trzyletniego do przedszkola. W badaniu wzięło udział 40 dzieci, które we wrześniu 2010 r. rozpoczęły naukę w przedszkolu. Zostały one zbadane Orientacyjnym testem rozwoju psychoruchowego (test Denver) oraz Kwestionariuszem strategii adaptacji (KSA) stworzonym na potrzeby tego badania. Wyniki wskazują na występowanie trzech strategii, które są jednocześnie kryteriami poziomu przystosowania dziecka do środowiska przedszkolnego: pozytywnej (twórczej adaptacji) oraz negatywnych (lękowej i indyferentnej). Zaobserwowano istotne statystycznie związki pomiędzy wiekiem, rozwojem psychoruchowym dziecka i wykształceniem matki a strategią adaptacji dziecka. Dzieci matek z wykształceniem wyższym, starsze, o wyższym poziomie rozwoju psychoruchowego częściej prezentowały pozytywną strategię adaptacji. Stwierdzono jednak, iż jedynie 15 spośród 40 badanych dzieci stosowało strategię twórczej adaptacji. Jest to wynik niepokojący, wymagający prowadzenia dalszych badań w celu rozpoznania czynników determinujących taki stan rzeczy.
EN
The article presents the results of research aimed at verifying the hypothesis relating to the links between selected subjective and contextual factors and adaptation strategies of a three-year-old child to preschool environment. The research was conducted on a group of 40 children, who began preschool education in 2012. Children were tested with The Denver Developmental Screening Test (the Denver test) and with the Adaptation Strategy Questionnaire (ASQ) developed for the purposes of the research. The results indicate that there exists three strategies which simultaneously constitute the criteria for the level of adaptation of a child to preschool environment: positive (creative adaptation) and negative (anxiety and indifference). Significant statistical correlations between age, psycho-motor development, level of mother’s education and the child’s adaptation strategy have been established. Children of mothers who attained tertiary education, older children, children who achieved a higher level of psycho-motor development more often manifested a positive adaptation strategy. It was, however, revealed that only 15 out of 40 children subject to the examination applied the strategy of creative adaptation. The result is alarming and requires further research in order to identify the factors determining it.
EN
The article presents the results of research aimed at verifying the hypothesis relating to the links between selected subjective and contextual factors and adaptation strategies of a three-year-old child to preschool environment. The research was conducted on a group of 40 children, who began preschool education in 2012. Children were tested with The Denver Developmental Screening Test (the Denver test) and with the Adaptation Strategy Questionnaire (ASQ) developed for the purposes of the research. The results indicate that there exists three strategies which simultaneously constitute the criteria for the level of adaptation of a child to preschool environment: positive (creative adaptation) and negative (anxiety and indifference). Significant statistical correlations between age, psycho-motor development, level of mother’s education and the child’s adaptation strategy have been established. Children of mothers who attained tertiary education, older children, children who achieved a higher level of psycho-motor development more often manifested a positive adaptation strategy. It was, however, revealed that only 15 out of 40 children subject to the examination applied the strategy of creative adaptation. The result is alarming and requires further research in order to identify the factors determining it.
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