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EN
The basic purpose of this paper is to present selected theoretical and empirical facts concerning dyslexia, taking into account specific reading and spelling disorders experienced by the sighted and the blind who normally use a tactile writing system (braille) to read and write. The article’s content is focused on such key issues as: the terminology (a review of definitions), the symptomatology and etiology of dyslexia. In the light of the collected qualitative data and empirical research findings, dyslexia is likely to occur in blind braille-reading and braille-writing students. The symptoms of dyslexia may be observable in both contracted and uncontracted braille. They may be linked to the phonological processing deficits. The causes of dyslexia in the blind population can be explained in line with the genetic conception and the magnocellular theory by Stein and colleagues. However, it is necessary to design more complex studies on braille dyslexia in the future.
PL
Podstawowym celem tego artykułu jest przedstawienie wybranych faktów teoretycznych i empirycznych dotyczących dysleksji, mając na uwadze specyficzne zaburzenia czytania i pisania ucznia widzącego oraz niewidomego, posługującego się zwykle tylko wypukłym pismem brajlowskim. Treść artykułu koncentruje się na głównych zagadnieniach, takich jak: terminologia (przegląd definicji), symptomatologia i etiologia dysleksji. W świetle zgromadzonych danych jakościowych i wyników badań empirycznych występowanie dysleksji u uczniów niewidomych czytających i piszących brajlem jest możliwe. Objawy dysleksji można rozpoznać zarówno w brajlu skróconym, jak i nieskróconym. Mogą być one powiązane z zaburzeniami przetwarzania fonologicznego. Przyczyny dysleksji w grupie uczniów niewidomych można wyjaśnić zgodnie z teorią genetyczną i układu wielkomórkowego Johna Steina i współpracowników. Istnieje jednak konieczność podjęcia w przyszłości jeszcze bardziej zaawansowanych badań dotyczących dysleksji w brajlu.
PL
The purpose of the study is to identify the correlations between the high school students’ readiness for inclusion and their social desirability with respect to such demographic variables as: gender, place of residence and age. The research attempts to answer one major question: Is the students’ readiness for inclusion linked to social desirability? A Polish sample of 200 high school students aged between 16 and 18 (115 females and 85 males) participated in the study. The need for approval was assessed with Social Desirability Questionnaire (KAS) by R.Ł. Drwal and J. Wilczyńska. The readiness for inclusion was measured with Readiness for Inclusion Scale by Z. Kazanowski. The research findings reveal that the students’ social desirability is positively correlated with their readiness for inclusion. The associations of this type have also been found in the groups relevant to the demographic variables. It is evident that particularly age and place of residence may have an effect on the strength of the correlations between social desirability and readiness for inclusion in the sample of youth attending high school.
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