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1

The Problem of “Polishness” in the London Student Periodicals (Życie Akademickie – Kontynenty)

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Moczkodan R.

Tematy i Konteksty

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2020

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issue 1

248-274

EN

Theis article presents the views and opinions expressed in two London periodicals published in the 1950s and 1960s by Polish students living in exile, namely Życie Akademickie and Kontynenty, focusing on the problem of preservation of “Polishness” among Polish emigrants of the younger generation. In the first part of the text, the views presented, include those of the members of the older generation of emigrants and refugees (e.g. Czesław Miłosz or Witold Gombrowicz), giving advice to the young, as well as of the young themselves (e.g. Wiktor Poznański or Wojciech Gniatczyński). The second part of the article refers to the notion of patriotism and the problem of national vices, which were also subject to a discussion which went on in the émigré press. The aim of the article is to illustrate the discrepancies between the attitudes of two – or even three – generations of Polish emigrants, concerning the issue of Polish national identity.

2

„Kontynenty” (marzec 1961 – grudzień 1966)

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Moczkodan R.

Tematy i Konteksty

|

2013

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vol. 8

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issue 3

322-350

EN

The article presents the fate of the fifth mutation of the magazine published by the London group of poets known as "The Continents". The author presents the problems with which this monthly magazine contended (the lack of funds, the arguments and internal conflicts within the editorial team, the critical attitude of the emigrants’ older generation), its programmatic/thematic evolution, largely dependent on the opinions and views of subsequent chief editors, the assessments and judgements of the people interested in "The Continents", as well as the circumstances of the cessation of the publication. The final section of the article points to some common characteristics which link all five mutations of the magazine.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano losy piątej mutacji pisma wydawanego przez londyńską grupę poetycka „Kontynenty”. Wskazano na trudności z jakimi borykał się ten miesięcznik (brak funduszy, konflikty i spory wewnątrz redakcji, krytyczny stosunek przedstawicieli starszego pokolenia emigrantów), jego programowo-tematyczną ewolucję uzależnioną w dużym stopniu od poglądów i zapatrywań kolejnych redaktorów naczelnych, oceny i sądy osób zainteresowanych „Kontynentami”, wreszcie okoliczności zaprzestania ich wydawania. W zakończeniu artykułu wskazano kilka charakterystycznych cech łączących wszystkie pięć mutacji pisma.

3

Konflikt młodzi – starzy w łonie drugiej emigracji niepodległościowej (na przykładzie środowiska londyńskiego w latach 1949–1966). Część II

100%

Moczkodan R.

Tematy i Konteksty

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2018

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vol. 13

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issue 8

304-330

EN

Transgenerational conflicts, complaints of the representatives of the older generation on the younger one, objections put forward by the latter to the former are phenomena equally common and, one may say, everlasting (even Plato complained about the Athens youth). War emigrants who found their places in the West of Europe right after they finished their active participation in fights, most frequently left their homeland as mature and well-shaped people. They were assumed as the „old” generation. They were accompanied by children and the youth who got their education in the foreign land, started employment, settled families and also took their first steps on the cultural ground. They were assumed as the „young” generation. Taking these names into quotation marks is justified by their large conventionality, their instability and changeability in time. As I will attempt to prove in this text, the line separating the „old” from the :young” did not only refer to their dates of birth and the age line of division did not definitely settle the whole matter. It was so the more that part of the „young” also took active part in fight and after its ending despite the “old’s” expectations did not share their views and convictions. This problem being connected with others such as the relation to the past and history, relations with the homeland, patriotism and relations to Polishness1 is wide and multithread enough that there is no way to present it in its entirety. Thus I am going to focus on its part which seems to me particularly important for understanding socio-mental relations and structures of the second independence emigration. The subject of my reflection will be texts and speeches showing this conflict which appeared in the circle of published in London students’ journals in years 1949-1966 around which the later poets’ group Continents was established. This outlinepresents the chronological order of the conflict, the evolution of the way of thinking of both sides, the most important points of ignition and most visible differences and divisions revealed in this conflict. Due to richness of materials and problems requiring discussion this text has been divided into two parts. The first part comprises years 1949-1954. At that time the conflict emerged and unusually dynamically it developed leading to a clear difference between emigration generations (as it will be shown in the second part of the outline four stages of the conflict can be distinguished in this period). The second part begins with presenting the events of 1955 when the definite division between the „old” and the „young” happened. It is mainly about the November events in Manchester which can be viewed as the climax of the conflict and which initiatedits fall. Discussing it along with the division into two phases (the fifth and sixth) endswith a summary and conclusions concerning the course of the conflict.

4

Konflikt młodzi – starzy w łonie drugiej emigracji niepodległościowej (na przykładzie środowiska londyńskiego w latach 1949–1966). Część I

100%

Moczkodan R.

Tematy i Konteksty

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2017

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vol. 12

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issue 7

258-282

EN

Transgenerational conflicts, complaints of the representatives of the older generation on the younger one, objections put forward by the latter to the former are phenomena equally common and, one may say, everlasting (even Plato complained about the Athens youth). War emigrants who found their places in the West of Europe right after they finished their active participation in fights, most frequently left their homeland as mature and well-shaped people. They were assumed as the “old” generation. They were accompanied by children and the youth who got their education in the foreign land, started employment, settled families and also took their first steps on the cultural ground. They were assumed as the “young” generation. Taking these names into quotation marks is justified by their large conventionality, their instability and changeability in time. As I will attempt to prove in this text, the line separating the “old” from the “young” did not only refer to their dates of birth and the age line of division did not definitely settle the whole matter. It was so the more that part of the “young” also took active part in fight and after its ending despite the “old’s” expectations did not share their views and convictions. This problem being connected with others such as the relation to the past and history, relations with the homeland, patriotism and relations to Polishness1 is wide and multithread enough that there is no way to present it in its entirety. Thus I am going to focus on its part which seems to me particularly important for understanding socio-mental relations and structures of the second independence emigration. The subject of my reflection will be texts and speeches showing this conflict which appeared in the circle of published in London students’ journals in years 1949-1966 around which the later poets’ group Continents was established. This outline presents the chronological order of the conflict, the evolution of the way of thinking of both sides, the most important points of ignition and most visible differences and divisions revealed in this conflict. Due to richness of materials and problems requiring discussion this text has been divided into two parts. The first part comprises years 1949-1954. At that time the conflict emerged and unusually dynamically it developed leading to a clear difference between emigration generations (as it will be shown in the second part of the outline four stages of the conflict can be distinguished in this period). The second part begins with presenting the events of 1955 when the definite division between the „old” and the „young” happened. It is mainly about the November events in Manchester which can be viewed as the climax of the conflict and which initiated its fall. Discussing it along with the division into two phases (the fifth and sixth) ends with a summary and conclusions concerning the course of the conflict.

5

Ile było wersji poezji Karola Wojtyły w przekładzie Jerzego Pietrkiewicza? Wstępne rozpoznanie tematu

100%

Moczkodan R.

Tematy i Konteksty

|

2020

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vol. 15

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issue 10

101-109

EN

The article discusses problems involved in the translation of Karol Wojtyła’s poetry into English, including the circumstances of obtaining by the translator (Jerzy Pietrkiewicz) legal rights to the texts, deciding the translational techniques applied in the process of interlinguistic transfer, as well as other difficulties reported by the translator during his work on the first volume of English poetry by John Paul II.

PL

Tekst dotyczy problemów z tłumaczeniem poezji Karola Wojtyły na język angielski. Wskazano okoliczności rozpoczęcia tłumaczeń, zasady przekładu i problemy, jakie miał tłumacz podczas pracy nad pierwszym tomem poezji Jana Pawła II.

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The Problem of “Polishness” in the London Student Periodicals (Życie Akademickie – Kontynenty)

„Kontynenty” (marzec 1961 – grudzień 1966)

Konflikt młodzi – starzy w łonie drugiej emigracji niepodległościowej (na przykładzie środowiska londyńskiego w latach 1949–1966). Część II

Konflikt młodzi – starzy w łonie drugiej emigracji niepodległościowej (na przykładzie środowiska londyńskiego w latach 1949–1966). Część I

Ile było wersji poezji Karola Wojtyły w przekładzie Jerzego Pietrkiewicza? Wstępne rozpoznanie tematu