The poetry of Stanisław Barańczak, who himself was against historical avant-garde as a movement that abandoned ethical commitments, has quite a lot in common with avant-garde. Like other New Wave artists, his poetry can be read in the context of the neo-avant-garde and counterculture, e.g. in the context of Guy Debord’s The Society of the Spectacle and Herbert Marcuse’s Onedimensional Man, with the propositions that overlap in many places with those of Baranczak’s “dialectic Romanticism”. When analysing the links of this poetry with the participant art of the 1960s and 1970s, it can be concluded that new-wave commitment has little in common with the typical attempts of the neo-avant-garde at regaining privacy, since the political character of Barańczak’s poetry is based on giving a position of privilege to the martyrdom code of Polish romanticism, which he frames in elitist modernist language.
Alina Świeściak Uniwrsytet Śląski, Katowice, Poland alina.swiesciak@gmail.com BIAŁOSZEWSKI PO ROSYJSKU Streszczenie Artykuł podejmuje problem rosyjskich tłumaczeń poezji Mirona Białoszewskiego, odwołując się do jedynej funkcjonującej na rosyjskim rynku książki z tłumaczeniami tego autora - Wypadek z gramatyki/Выпадение из грамматики. Autorka zwraca uwagę na dominującą w tym tomie, ujednoznaczniającą poezję Białoszewskiego metafizyczność i neutralizację chwytów związanych z grami podmiotowymi (zaimek „się”). Za podstawowe strategie translatorskie uznaje neutralizację i racjonalizację, zmieniające wizerunek polskiego poety lingwisty, bo wprowadzające poprawnościową cenzurę, która skutkuje nie tylko innym - znormatywizowanym - obrazem jego języka, ale i ograniczeniem problematyki filozoficznej. MIRON BIAŁOSZEWSKI’S POETRY IN RUSSIAN TRANSLATION Summary The article discusses Russian translations of Miron Bialoszewski’s poetry based on the only volume of Bialoszewski’s translation available in Russian - an accident from grammar/Вы-падение из грамматики. The author points out the metaphysical character and neutralization of tricks related to grammatical subject („się” pronoun) that disambiguate Bialoszewski’s poetry. Rationalization and neutralization are identified as the core translation strategies that change the image of the Polish linguistic poet through normative censorship which results in not just a normative change in his language but also a curtailing of philosophical content.
The author presents poetry by Kamila Janiak in the context of avant-guard pop-culture. She deals mainly with punk and cyber-punk motifs of this poetry, which alow to understand them as a feminist, post-human and anty-capitalist project. She shows how Janiak for her purposes uses d.tournements: she takes on the one hand principles, which rule in the “controlled societies” and on the other hand pop-culture aesthetics and psychodelic rock music.
The article deals with the problem of avant-garde character of the poetry by Miron Białoszewski in the context of alienation and dealienatively understood utopias. This is the way the language is understood here, being, on the one hand, an anonymous “language without an end”, and, on the other hand – an extremely privatized code, as the transgressive neo-avant-garde ideas inscribed in this kind of writing: experiencing life as art and the recognition of art as an event from life, and thus a myth of art as an experience parallely private and intimate and aesthetically-social. Consequently, the relationships with neoavant- garde in the Białoszewski’s poetry are treated as an expression of the modernist artistic crises, and, at the same time, as a tool helping to overcome them.
This article examines literary criticism in Poland after 1989 from the dynamic perspective of elites and elitism. Drawing on various elite theories, mainly the more contemporary ones, for which the most important point of reference is Pierre Bourdieu’s concept of distinction, the author shows how these concepts function in relation to the aesthetic and social dominants of the Polish literary scene after 1989. The author analyzes three “critical case studies:” Krzysztof Uniłowski’s article from 2005, a Facebook event related to the “auctioning” of Konrad Góra’s book of poetry in 2020, and recent trends in the language used by the young generation of critics. The author is interested in the relationship between literature and criticism and the dominant aesthetic tendencies and the socio-political context, especially the use of the concepts of elites and elitism, be it analytically or persuasively, consciously or unconsciously, positively or negatively, etc.
PL
Artykuł proponuje spojrzenie na krytykę literacką po 1989 roku z perspektywy zmieniającego się rozumienia i recepcji społecznej pojęcia elit i elitaryzmu. Autorka, nawiązując do różnych teorii elit – przede wszystkim nowszych, dla których najważniejszym punktem odniesienia jest koncepcja dystynkcji Pierre’a Bourdieu – pokazuje, jak koncepcje te uzgadniają się z estetycznymi i społecznymi dominantami polskiego życia literackiego po przełomie politycznym 1989 roku. W trzech „przypadkach krytycznych”: artykułu Krzysztofa Uniłowskiego z 2005 roku, facebookowej akcji związanej z „aukcyjną” sprzedażą książki poetyckiej Konrada Góry z 2020 roku oraz rysujących się w ostatnich latach nowych tendencji w języku młodego pokolenia krytyków, interesują ją relacje pomiędzy literaturą i krytyką literacką a dominującymi tendencjami estetycznymi i kontekstem społeczno-politycznym, dla których „papierkiem lakmusowym” są w niniejszym tekście pojęcia elit i elitaryzmu oraz ich różnie wykorzystywany potencjał manipulacyjny: analitycznie lub perswazyjnie, świadomie lub nieświadomie, w dobrej lub złej wierze itd.
In this article various manifestations of melancholy syndrome in Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz’s poetry created after 1989 are analysed. However, his previous works are also studied. The problem of the relation of melancholy to tradition and the past in its classical understanding is researched as it is of key importance for understanding the oeuvre of the author of Animula. Referring to Harold Bloom’s theory, the author shows the melancholy relation of Rymkiewicz’s poetry with tradition, first of all in reference to the poetry of Baroque and to Bolesław Leśmian. Rymkiewicz’s melancholy also consists of the attitude to death which is present in this poetry and the transgressive treatment of corporality as well as understanding of the language as the one which from the very beginning is marked by the lack, traumatised and suspending communication.
PL
Świeściak Alina, Melancholia versus tradycja. Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz [Melancholy vs. tradition. Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz]. „Przestrzenie Teorii” 13. Poznań 2010, Adam Mickiewicz University Press, pp. 77-116. ISBN 978-83-232-2176-0. ISSN 1644-6763. In this article various manifestations of melancholy syndrome in Jarosław Marek Rymkiewicz’s poetry created after 1989 are analysed. However, his previous works are also studied. The problem of the relation of melancholy to tradition and the past in its classical understanding is researched as it is of key importance for understanding the oeuvre of the author of Animula. Referring to Harold Bloom’s theory, the author shows the melancholy relation of Rymkiewicz’s poetry with tradition, first of all in reference to the poetry of Baroque and to Bolesław Leśmian. Rymkiewicz’s melancholy also consists of the attitude to death which is present in this poetry and the transgressive treatment of corporality as well as understanding of the language as the one which from the very beginning is marked by the lack, traumatised and suspending communication.
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