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FLAWIUSZE A SPRAWA ŻYDOWSKA

100%
Kozłowski J.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2012
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issue 5
338-341
PL
Recenzja książki: Mateusz Byra, Powstanie w Judei 66–74 n.e., INFORTeditions, Zabrze 2011, 277 s., 18 rys.
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Życie i dzieło wielkiego Macedończyka

100%
Kozłowski J.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2011
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issue 3
350-352
PL
Recenzja książki: Krzysztof Nawotka, Alexander the Great, Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2010, 440 s.
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Prowincjonalizacja Galii Przedalpejskiej

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Kozłowski J.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2011
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issue 4
369-371
PL
REC. KSIĄŻKI Maciej Piegdoń, Galia Przedalpejska. Studia nad rzymską obecnością w północnej Italii w III–I w. p.n.e.,Kraków 2009, 303 s.
4
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Rządy Polemona II i Antiocha IV w Cylicji Trachejskiej

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Kozłowski J.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2011
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issue 4
175-187
PL
The aim of the article is to demonstrate the significance of transformations in Cilicia Trachea, initiated with the rule of Antioch IV and Polemon II, and the impact their ac-tivities had on the introduction of direct administration in these areas by Vespasian.  
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Rozwój zakresu przedmiotowego ochrony dóbr osobistych w świetle społecznych wyzwań XXI wieku

100%
Kozłowski J.
Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne
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2018
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vol. 24
51-62
EN
One of the greatest and most important challenges of private law in the 21st century is the adaptation and evolution of key institutions to the consequences of social or economic development. An extremely interesting process in this context is the development of the scope of the subject protection of personal rights. The aim of the article is to discuss this phenomenon, with particular emphasis on the influence of the literature and jurisprudence on extending the scope of the subject of personal rights. The author also draws attention to the way in which the concept and scope of personal rights were developed and modified, citing and discussing the most important positions and doctrinal disputes. In addition, an example was presented, which serves to illustrate the analyzed trend. It is the potential recognition of violations related to the low level of air quality in Poland covered by protection under the provisions on personal property. The author describes this issue, taking into account the provisions of European law, through Polish regulations and positions of the literature, formulating his own predictions about the future of this particular problem, emphasizing its importance. This reflection illustrates how the discussed civil law institution undergoes modification as a result of the social challenges of the 21st century. In the elaboration of the above issue, scientific methods were used, such as: analysis of judicial decisions, normative acts — both domestic and European ones, in addition the dogmatic method was used. Numerous conclusions have been derived as a result of the analysis, among other things — an indication of universality as one of the greatest achievements of doctrine. This dependence results from the fact that new private law challenges can be assessed through the prism of universal institutions that have already been created, only by modifying them, developing or deliberating on how to use them. The tendency described in the work can be extended to a range of other contemporary challenges before courts, but above all to the legislator.
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Aspekty polityczne i militarne „roku czterech cesarzy” (68-69 r. po Chr.). Część 2: Od śmierci Galby do zwycięstwa Wespazjana

63%
Kozłowski J., Królczyk K.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2015
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issue 12
33-60
EN
The aim of this paper is to discuss the political and military aspects of the Year of the Four Emperors, i.e. the period of civil war in Rome which began with the death of emperor Nero in June 68, and ended with Vespasian’s ascend to undivided power towards the end of 69. In Part Two, the author discusses the events which took place between the death of the Emperor Galba in January 69 and the final victory of Vespasian’s party in December 69.
7
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Aspekty polityczne i militarne „roku czterech cesarzy” (68-69 r. po Chr.). Część 1: do śmierci Galby

63%
Kozłowski J., Królczyk K.
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
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2015
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issue 11
29-56
PL
The Year of the Four Emperors, as the period of civil wars in Rome after Nero’s death is often called, was the first major shake-up which affected the Roman state since a new system of rule, referred to as the Principate, had been established by Augustus. Following the imperial proclamation of Servius Sulpicius Galba, the governor of Spain (June 8th, 68) and the suicide of Nero (June 9th), the Roman state plunged into a profound political crisis. This was because the new emperor found no support either in the City itself, or among the soldiers of legions stationed on the Empire’s frontiers. On January 2nd, 69, Roman army on the Rhine hailed Aulus Vitellius, their commander, as the emperor. As Tacitus observed, this revealed the “secret of rule” (arcanum imperii) – namely one could become an emperor not only in the capital of the Empire but also on its remote periphery. Vitellius immediately began preparations for an armed contest with Galba. However, on January 15th, 69, the latter was murdered in Rome, and praetorians proclaimed M. Salvius Otho as the emperor.
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Zróżnicowanie ekonomiczne właścicieli ziemskich w powiecie grodzieńskim w końcu XVIII wieku

63%
Poniat R., Kozłowski J.
Roczniki Dziejów Społecznych i Gospodarczych
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2023
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vol. 84
53-78
EN
The article is devoted to economic inequalities among the landowners of the poviat of Grodno in the late eighteenth century. The source basis for the research is made up of the protocols of the Perpetual Offering to the Army, also known as the ‘offering of the tenth grosz’, an early income tax imposed on the owners of the secular and Church estates. The results show a very high wealth differentiation among the researched population. In addition to a small and very wealthy elite in the poviat, there was a large number of petty nobility (three-fourths of the surveyed population) with estates so small that they were exempted from the tax due to insufficient income. The Gini coefficient values describing the income concentration in the country are around 0.95 and do not change much when the method of income calculation is modified.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest nierównościom ekonomicznym występującym wśród właścicieli ziemskich zamieszkujących powiat grodzieński w ostatnich latach XVIII w. Podstawę źródłową prowadzonych badań stanowią protokoły ofiary wieczystej na wojsko znanej też jako ofiara 10. grosza – wczesnego podatku dochodowego, którym objęci byli właściciele dóbr ziemskich oraz duchownych. Uzyskane rezultaty wskazują na bardzo wysokie zróżnicowanie majątkowe wśród badanej populacji. Obok nielicznej i bardzo bogatej elity na terenie powiatu licznie występowała drobna szlachta (3/4 badanej populacji), której majątki były tak małe, że zostały zwolnione z podatku ze względu na zbyt niskie dochody. Wartości współczynnika Giniego opisującego koncentrację dochodów w powiecie wynoszą ok. 0,95 i nie ulegają poważnym zmianom w przypadku modyfikowania sposobu kalkulowania dochodów.
9
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Konferencja EPALE: II Forum Edukacji Dorosłych, Warszawa, 21.11.2017 r.

39%
Indra M., Kozłowski J., Poczman A., Milczarek K., Zawadzki W., Buks I.
Rocznik Andragogiczny
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2017
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vol. 24
EN
Reports
PL
Sprawozdania
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