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Dary finansowe jako transfery rodzinne w świetle wyników badań własnych

100%
Solarz M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2018
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vol. 52
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issue 3
EN
The article presents the following research hypothesis: A young generation of adult children of Poles is a net beneficiary of family financial transfers of a non-returnable nature. The article purposes are as follows: analyzing the scale, frequency, and directions of transferring and receiving financial gifts by akin households. The applied research methods included: critical analysis of the subject literature, simple statistical methods, method of a diagnostic survey. The survey studies, conducted in 2018, have shown that 39.9% of Poles provided financial support to their relatives in the last 6 months, while a smaller percentage (28.6%) of respondents declared that in the same period received a monetary donation from the family. Population under the age of 24 represents the only age group which receives more financial support than actually provides. Private financial transfers are predominantly of an intergenerational nature, as the majority of transfers occur between parents and adult children.
PL
Sformułowana w artykule hipoteza badawcza brzmi: Młode pokolenie dorosłych dzieci Polaków jest beneficjentem netto rodzinnych transferów finansowych o charakterze bezzwrotnym. Wśród celów artykułu znalazło się rozpoznanie skali, częstotliwości oraz kierunków przekazywania i otrzymywania darów finansowych przez spokrewnione gospodarstwa domowe. Wykorzystane metody badawcze to: krytyczna analiza literatury przedmiotu, proste metody statystyczne, metoda sondażu diagnostycznego. Z przeprowadzonych w 2018 r. badań ankietowych wynika, że 39,9% Polaków w ciągu ostatnich 6 miesięcy udzieliło wsparcia finansowego swoim krewnym, zaś mniejszy odsetek (28,6%) respondentów zadeklarował, że w tym okresie otrzymał od rodziny darowiznę pieniężną. Osoby poniżej 24. roku życia stanowią jedyną grupę wiekową, która więcej wsparcia finansowego otrzymuje, niż przekazuje. Prywatne transfery finansowe mają głównie charakter międzypokoleniowy, ponieważ najwięcej przepływów zachodzi między rodzicami a dorosłymi dziećmi.
2
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Empatia jako przesłanka prorodzinnych zachowań finansowych

100%
Solarz M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2016
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vol. 50
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issue 4
EN
The crucial instrument, which strengthens the financial resilience of households is represented by loans from family and friends, since they constitute the second popular (23.7%) source of financing unexpected expenses incurred by Poles. The purpose of the article is to present the significance of empathic behaviours, shown in the context of granting family loans, for the financial resilience of households. The following research methods were applied: critical analysis of the subject literature, simple statistical methods and the method of diagnostic survey. The conducted survey studies revealed that approx. 73% of Poles granted a family loan in 2015. Among the most frequent motives of financial support offered to family members the following was listed empathy (34.1% indications). Therefore, emphatic behaviours should be considered as facilitating the strengthening of financial resilience of households.
PL
Istotnym instrumentem wzmacniania odporności finansowej gospodarstw domowych są pożyczki od rodziny i znajomych, gdyż stanowią drugie pod względem popularności (23,7%) źródło finansowania nieprzewidzianych wydatków Polaków. Celem artykułu jest ukazanie znaczenia zachowań empatycznych ujawniających się w kontekście udzielania pożyczek rodzinnych dla odporności finansowej gospodarstw domowych. Wykorzystane metody badawcze to: krytyczna analiza literatury przedmiotu, proste metody statystyczne i metoda sondażu diagnostycznego. Z przeprowadzonych badań ankietowych wynika, że około 73% Polaków udzieliło w 2015 r. pożyczki rodzinnej. Wśród najczęściej wymienianych motywów wsparcia finansowego krewnych znalazła się empatia (34,1% wskazań). Zachowania empatyczne należy zatem uznać za sprzyjające wzmacnianiu odporności finansowej gospodarstw domowych.
3
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Odpowiedzialne decyzje pożyczkowe jako instrument inkluzji finansowej

100%
Solarz M.
Studia Ekonomiczne
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2014
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vol. 198 cz 2
216-226
EN
Financial exclusion can result from incorrect everyday financial risk management. It refers to those individuals who, as a result of financial decisions made in different market conditions, or suffering unfortunate life circumstances, have become excessively indebted and their material status has suddenly deteriorated. In such situation they turn out unattractive for banks and thus suffer exclusion from the financial system. The objective of the article is to present the importance of responsible loan decisions made by households - one of the stakeholder groups of responsible finance - in counteracting financial exclusion. The condition for undertaking a correct loan decision is the access to adequate information as well as having knowledge and financial skills which allow to take proper advantage of such information.
4
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Zwiększanie odporności finansowej gospodarstw domowych jako warunek trwałej inkluzji finansowej

100%
Solarz M.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2015
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vol. 49
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issue 4
EN
Financial resilience means household capacity to survive financial shocks. The purpose of the article is to identify and present methods for increasing financial resilience as the condition for long-lasting inclusion of households. The following research methods were used: critical analysis of the subject literature, basic statistical methods and the diagnostic survey method. Based on the author’s own research results the areas were identified where due actions should be taken in order to increase financial resilience. They are as follows: emergency fund increase, relation optimization of debt against income, taking advantage of adequate insurance, financial competencies improvement, relational capital formation.
PL
Odporność finansowa oznacza zdolność gospodarstw domowych do przetrwania szoków finansowych. Głównym celem artykułu jest zidentyfikowanie i przedstawienie metod zwiększania odporności finansowej, stanowiącej warunek trwałej inkluzji finansowej gospodarstw domowych. Wykorzystane metody badawcze to krytyczna analiza literatury przedmiotu, proste metody statystyczne oraz metoda sondażu diagnostycznego. Na podstawie wyników badań własnych wskazano obszary, w których powinno się podejmować działania zwiększające odporność finansową. Są to: powiększanie „funduszu awaryjnego”, optymalizowanie relacji zadłużenia do dochodów, korzystanie z odpowiednich ubezpieczeń, doskonalenie kompetencji finansowych, kształtowanie kapitału relacyjnego.
5
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Działania inkluzyjne skierowane do ludzi młodych – podmiotów wrażliwych na wykluczenie finansowe

100%
Solarz M.
Zarządzanie i Finanse
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2013
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vol. 2
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issue 4
401-412
PL
Ludzie młodzi wymieniani są wśród podmiotów wrażliwych na wykluczenie finansowe. Oznacza to, że mogą doświadczać problemów w dostępie do produktów i usług finansowych w odpowiedniej dla nich formie. Według da-nych Banku Światowego tylko połowa dorosłych mieszkańców Ziemi dysponuje rachunkiem bankowym, przy czym w grupie wiekowej 15–24 jest już tylko 37% ubankowionych. Do głównych przyczyn wykluczenia finansowego młodych ludzi należy zaliczyć: niskie dochody, wzrastającą stopę bezrobocia, niedosta¬teczną wiedzę i brak świadomości finansowej. Wśród podstawowych obszarów, w jakich prowadzone są działania inkluzyjne skierowane do młodych ludzi, znajdują się przede wszystkim: mikrofinansowanie, oferowanie produktów szytych na miarę, kształtowanie umiejętności finansowych.
6
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Adoption factors in digital lending services offered by FinTech lenders

63%
Adamek J., Solarz M.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2023
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vol. 14
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issue 1
169-212
EN
Research background: Traditional financial institutions are facing new competitors - FinTech lenders. The development of these entities and their services depends on many factors, including the level of their acceptance and use by potential and/or current customers. This acceptance determines the ability to create desired financial results and defines the set of FinTech lenders' activities and also their environment aimed at shaping the offer which meets their consumers' expectations. The limited number of studies addressing the identification and assessment of the impact exerted by the adoption factors of lending services offered by FinTech lenders and the lack of such analyzes relating to these decisions made by consumers from Central and Eastern Europe argue for the need to conduct such research. Purpose of the article: Identify factors driving consumers' adoption of digital lending services offered by FinTech lenders in Poland. Methods: Critical analysis of the source literature, descriptive and comparative analysis, diagnostic survey, econometric methods (PCA, SEM used in the TAM). Empirical data come from the surveys carried out in May 2022 using the CAWI method and covering a representative sample of 1,000 Poles. Findings & value added: The study identified factors driving consumers' adoption of digital lending services, including perceived trust, risk, usefulness and financial health. It has been proven that the perceived ease of use and innovation do not represent the statistically significant constructs influencing the accepted adoption attitudes. The adopted research model shows a considerable power to explain the intention of using digital loans. The article is the first scientific study of this type discussing the identification of adoption factors for loan services offered by FinTech lenders operating on the Central and Eastern European market. The presented example of Poland being the leader in this dynamically developing market provides the background for conducting international comparative studies in the future.
7
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Trust and Personal Innovativeness as the Prerequisites for Using Digital Lending Services Offered by FinTech Lenders

63%
Solarz M., Adamek J.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
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2023
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vol. 57
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issue 1
197-218
EN
Theoretical background: Contemporary financial systems have been going through a period of dynamic changes since the beginning of this century. A special role in this process is played by technological innovations, especially the process of digitalization of financial systems, which resulted in the development of FinTech lenders. These entities are active in various segments of the financial services market, including the area of consumer loans (FinTech lenders). The conducted research confirms the dynamic development of FinTech lending activity worldwide and indicates the leading position of Poland among the countries of Central and Eastern Europe in terms of the volume of digital lending. A review of the source literature shows a small number of scientific studies devoted to identifying the reasons underlying the growing interest of consumers in the offer of FinTech lenders. The perceived research gap became the motivation to undertake research addressing this topic in relation to the Polish market of non-banking digital loan services. Purpose of the article: Determining the place and importance of trust and personal innovativeness for consumers’ decisions to use digital loan services offered by FinTech lenders in Poland. Research methods: Critical analysis of the source literature, descriptive and comparative analysis, diagnostic survey as well as simple statistical methods, i.e. analysis of the structure or Kendall’s Tau correlation analysis. The empirical data were collected in May 2022 using the CAWI (computer-assisted web interview) method. The research sample was representative and included 1,000 representatives of Polish population. Main findings: Among the factors determining the adoption decisions of FinTech lenders’ clients, two groups of constructs can be distinguished. The first one consists of classic prerequisites (e.g. perceived ease of use [PEU], perceived usefulness [PU]), identified for a wide range of entities offering financial services based on information technologies. The second group consists of the factors attributed mainly to FinTech lenders, among which the leading position is taken by expressed trust (T) and personal innovativeness (PI). The analyzes carried out in the article confirmed that the expressed trust and personal innovativeness represent the statistically significant factors influencing the decisions made by Poles related to using digital loan services offered by FinTech lenders. The influence of these constructs on the adopted attitudes is a function of their mutual relationship, based on the reciprocal reinforcement of these factors. The conducted research also resulted in developing the economic and demographic profile of a person using the services of FinTech lenders. It is a man, aged 25–34, a university graduate earning an income exceeding PLN 5,000 and residing in a city populated by over 500,000 residents.
8
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The role of the Lendtech sector in the consumer credit market in the context of household financial exclusion

33%
Waliszewski K., Cichowicz E., Gębski Ł., Kliber F., Kubiczek J., Niedziółka P., Solarz M., Warchlewska A.
Oeconomia Copernicana
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2023
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vol. 14
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issue 2
609-643
EN
Research background: According to the World Bank (2020), about 60% of adults in developing countries do not use formal financial services. Furthermore, according to the Polish Association of Loan Institutions (2022), about 3 million Poles use loans, most of them obtained online. Among the reasons for more than a decade of growth of interest in the non-bank consumer lending market there are the development of modern technology applications in finance and the establishment of the Lendtech sector. Purpose of the article: The main goal of the paper is to verify the role played by the Lendtech (LT) sector in the consumer credit market in the context of household financial exclusion. The following research questions were asked: Do credit-excluded households take advantage of LT services and, if so, to what extent? What are the behaviours and preferences of those who use consumer credit offered by LT? Do socio-demographic characteristics determine consumer use of loans offered by LT and, if so, what are they? Is the use of loans offered by LT due to credit exclusion or other factors? What action should be taken by participants in the digital consumer loan market interested in its inclusive direction? Methods: The paper uses the following methods: critical analysis of the literature, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and nonparametric regression algorithm: k-nearest neighbors, as well as inductive inference methods. The data used is primary in nature and comes from a nationwide survey, September 2022 (CAWI method) of 1,200 Poles, of whom 200 respondents are Lendtech customers. The quota selection applied made it possible to reflect characteristics corresponding to the population of customers of lending institutions registered in BIK databases. Findings & value added: The article is a pioneering study based on an independent scientific survey, devoted to the Polish LT services market considered in terms of its relationship with one of the types of financial exclusion: credit exclusion. The most important conclusion is that people at risk of credit exclusion find a financing substitute in the LT sector, and thus it plays an important role in reducing financial exclusion, while maintaining the principle of creditworthiness verification.
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