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EN
The focus of this article is an examination of translator’s dilemmas related to the rendering of emotions in the translation process. he relationship between emotions and the translation process is analyzed on the example of the novel Partygirl Marlene Streeruwitz and its Polish translation by Emilia Bielicka. The study focuses on the problem of translating emotional elements that are present in the source text and sheds light on how emotions can be translated. The article provides an introduction to the author's context which is of significance in understanding the role of emotions in the source text. The study shows how the Austrian writer conceives language and uses stylistic means and writing techniques to incorporate emotions into language structures. The analytical part consists of fragments of the novel that emphasize the emotional states of the main character and is devoted to the exploration of the lexical, syntactic and stylistic features. The undertaken analysis reveals the translator’s strategies and examines his decisions. 
EN
Climate policy is a complexed area of cooperation between Member States and European Union institutions. The ambitious goals that the EU sets for itself in this matter are not always possible to be met by all Member States, hence the ability to work out compromise solutions is of great importance. Member States have different internal conditions, which determine the objectives of their economic and energy policies, therefore they do not always have convergent interests in this area. The decision-making centre where EU climate protection policy is created is: the European Council, where key elements of this policy are agreed (such as reduction targets), and so-called an ‘institutional triangle’, i.e. EU Council, European Parliament and European Commission which are directly involved into the legislative process. This configurations is a platform where cooperation of the Member States manifests itself in various forms and intensity and where these countries may attempt to force their interests in the process of creating EU policy. The authors present the legal bases of the European Union's competences in the field of climate policy and the role of the EU institutions in its creation with particular focus on mechanisms that allow Member States to influence the shape of that policy.
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2023
|
vol. XXIII
|
issue 1
125-134
EN
Kienböck’s disease is avascular necrosis of the lunate bone. It is a rare condition, affecting seven in 100,000 people. The etiology of the disease is a complex issue because the main cause cannot be identified. It is only possible to identify risk factors. Among them, age and sex are most often mentioned, but also disorders in the anatomical structure of the wrist, impaired blood supply to the lunate bone or repeated injuries of low force. Symptoms occur unilaterally. Most often it is pain and swelling, located on the dorsal side of the lunate bone. It is a very troublesome condition because it signifies impairment of palm function. The Lichtman classification is the most often frequently used one, to assess the advancement of lesions. On the basis of this, treatment methods are selected, which directly determine the choice of physiotherapeutic treatment.
PL
Choroba Kienböcka jest jałową martwicą kości księżycowatej. Jest to rzadkie schorzenie, występujące u 7 na 100 000 osób. Etiologia choroby należy do skomplikowanych zagadnień, ponieważ nie można wskazać głównej przyczyny jej występowania. Możliwe jest jedynie określenie czynników ryzyka, wśród których najczęściej wymienia się wiek i płeć, ale również zaburzenia w zakresie budowy anatomicznych struktur nadgarstka, upośledzenie ukrwienia kości księżycowatej, czy często powtarzające się urazy nadgarstka o małej sile. Objawy występują unilateralnie. Najczęściej są to ból oraz obrzęk, zlokalizowane po grzbietowej stronie kości księżycowatej. Jest to bardzo uciążliwe schorzenie, ponieważ w znacznym stopniu upośledza funkcję dłoni. Do oceny zaawansowania zmian chorobowych najczęściej wykorzystuje się klasyfikację Lichtmana. Na jej podstawie dobierana jest metoda leczenia, która bezpośrednio determinuje wybór postępowania fizjoterapeutycznego.
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