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Polimorfizm języka naturalnego a twierdzenia Kurta Gödla

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Gomułka Ł.
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
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2015
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issue 3(12)
25-33
EN
The aim of this paper is to outline Stanisław Lem’s (1921-2006) original views on Kurt Gödl’s theorems. The project consists of five concise paragraphs in which such issues are discussed: the introduction with an explanation of selected terms: a natural language, polymorphism. The author of the article presents a short outline of certain mathematical problems, that is the problems of arithmetics and the history of trying to prove its absolute non-contradiction. The author also includes Gödl’s theorems into the greatest achievements of the scientific thought of 20th century (limitation theorems). After that, epistemological questions of Kurt Gödl’s theorems are introduced together with their original interpretation according to Stanisław Lem. The author of the paper emphasizes that this prominent philosopher and writer introduces cultural-linguistic interpretation of Gödl’s discoveries, thus suggesting that a natural language overcomes ‘Gödl-made abyss’ thanks to its characteristic polymorphism.
2
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Filozofia w nauce i nauka w filozofii. Kilka uwag w świetle myśli Stanisława Lema

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Gomułka Ł.
Przegląd Filozoficzny. Nowa Seria
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2016
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issue 2
3
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O humanizmie Stanisława Lema

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Gomułka Ł.
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
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2017
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issue 2(19)
59-69
EN
In the article entitled ‘On Lem’s humanism’, the author in a synthetic way presents consideration to the following aspects of Stanislaw Lem’s oeuvre: artificial intelligence versus ethics, God, evolution versus moral philosophy, culture (civilization) and Reason. The text of this article was delivered at a conference ‘Horizons of the Imagination’ in march 2007 (one year of Stanislaw Lem’s death). It was organized by “Koło Komparatystów” (the association of comparatists) of the Jagiellonian University and was dedicated the writer’s works.
4
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Goethe a Lem

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Gomułka Ł.
Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
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2017
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issue 4(21)
40-49
EN
In this article ‘Lem and Goethe’, the author compares the figure of Stanislaw Lem to J.W. Goethe, whereas Lem’s oeuvre to ‘Faust’. There are two reasons for such a comparison. First, the scope of subjects raised by the Polish writer is perhaps even wider than the German one’s. The second thing is their great insight into these subjects. When Lem and Goethe are compared, it should be noticed that both their personalities (certain openness to the world and environment, participation in discussions, vast correspondence) and artistic and scientific interests (distinct exceeding limits by both of them) are similar. The author of the article takes notice of the fact that there is a tremendous difference between Lem’s works and ‘Faust’, because Lem’s are structurally and formally scattered. While there is no doubt that ‘Lem is also a philosopher writing great novels, not a novelist that possesses his own philosophy, like many others’ and that such output is ‘cognitively homogenous’, such state of affairs significantly hinders reception and interpretation of his oeuvre. The author of the text observes that by contrast with ‘Faust’, the character of Lem’s works is scattered not only in terms of content but also formally. That is because the author of ‘Summa Technologiae’ continually adopted new means of expression for his thoughts.
5
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Dlaczego trudno zdefiniować pojęcie „logosu”?

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Gomułka Ł.
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
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2017
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issue 1(24)
45-52
EN
In the text: Why is it difficult to define the notion of „logos”? I propose and defend the following thesis: the notion of logos weighed in the context of scientific discoveries (in physics and mathematics) is difficult to explicate and thus difficult to understand. I introduce two perspectives of the logos: the objective one connected with the structure of the world itself and the subjective one connected with a language, which allows us to to speak about the world itself (to learn). The analysis of this cogni- tive situation reveals a few interesting observations in epistemology and philosophical anthropology, which I present in the final part of the article.
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Niezmienniki pola racjonalności na przykładzie eksperymentów myślowych Stanisława Lema

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Gomułka Ł.
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
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2016
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issue 3(22)
71-82
EN
Among philosophical motifs brought up by Abp Józef Życiński (1948-2011), a crucial issue is the relation between the world of concretum, its psychological perception by people and the field of rationality, also called the field of the potential or the rational structure of the universe (by the co-author of ‘Universe and Philosophy’). Concrete objects seem to be more real than all sorts of theoretical objects of science, such as cosmological constants. Our mind, which was formed by the evolution, is responsible for that state of affairs. That mind was created in order to enable us survival, not in order to accurately learn the world. When closely examining relations between the three above mentioned spheres, there clearly appears an unusual role of abstract bonds of ontological structure of the world. In the arcticle, I am attempting to look at Życiński’s analysis from the angle of mental experiments presented by Stanislaw Lem, in which people meet earlier unknown forms of life (eg. solarian ocean) and enter interactions with them.
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Filozofia nauki Stanisława Lema

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Gomułka Ł.
Społeczeństwo i Edukacja. Międzynarodowe Studia Humanistyczne
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2017
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issue 2(25)
71-84
EN
In the article ‘Stanislaw Lem’s philosophy of science’, the author concentrates on evolutionary fastening of Lem’s vision of the world in the first part of the text. In the second one, the author takes notice to the fact that Lem’s philosophy of science has certain related parts with Karl Popper’s philosophy of science. Both thinkers dealt with a common range of subjects and lots of their deliberations had a very similar expression. Undoubtedly, Lem was inspired by Popper but he was not an imitator of his statements. Lem, as an original visionary, in his thoughts used to leave the area of Popper-shaped philosophy and reached wider areas conceiving visions of the future science, that were characteristic to him. Lem’s vision of underdefined reality happening before our very eyes with the next dice rolls, makes us think of Popper’s criticism of faith in the absolute truth of scientific theories: we cannot know anything with a hundred per cent certainty. With reference to Lem’s thoughts, the author answers two questions in this text: Why falsification appears to work? Is it because the world is probabilistic? We are unable to gather complete information because of the system complexity we are in. If we were able to do it, would Popper’s falsification be invalidated?
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