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Eating habits of urban youth aged 16-18

100%
Zalewska M., Zubrycki A., Czarniecka-Bargłowska K., Maciorkowska E.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2018
|
vol. 8(2)
55-61
EN
Introduction: Nutrition is one of the most essential factors conditioning normal human growth and development. Nutritional errors can be the basis for the emergence and development of obesity, hypertension, atherosclerosis, osteoporosis or postural defects. Purpose: The study aimed to learn about the dietary habits of urban high-school youth. Materials and methods: The study was conducted using the original questionnaire in 2013 and covered 200 students of randomly selected high schools. Results: Among the subjects, 70.8% consumed 4 or 5 meals during the day. The boys have eaten five meals significantly more often during the day than girls. The first breakfast was consumed by 76.5% of students and the second breakfast with 69.7%. Of the subjects, 80% indicated the eating between meals. The girls preferred sweets, fruit, and sandwiches, and the boys had sandwiches, sweets, and dairy drinks. The highest percentage of the examined youth ate sweets 3-4 times a week (41.6% girls and 35.6% boys). The respondents who consumed fast food once a week constituted of 60.9% of girls and 48.7% of boys. The girls consumed sweetened drinks most often once a week, and boys 3-4 times a week. Conclusions: Nutritional errors of adolescents consisted of irregular consumption of meals, late time of the last meal before bedtime, consumption of a large number of sweet and spicy snacks and sweetened beverages were found. Wrong nutrition concerned both girls and boys
2
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Selected nutritional behaviors in children and youth at school age – preliminary study

88%
Abratowska K., Zalewska M., Maciorkowska M., Gładka A., Maciorkowska E.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2016
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vol. 6(2)
132-140
EN
Purpose: To evaluate diet, frequency and type of products consumed and offered at school shops. Materials and methods: Studies were conducted in 2014 among 159 pupils of three randomly selected schools in Bialystok (elementary school, middle school, and high school). The original anonymous questionnaire was used as a research tool. Analysis of results depending on age of the respondents was performed using contingency tables and Pearson's chi-squared test. For hypothesis testing evaluation, significance level of 0.05 was assumed. Results: Consumption of four or more meals during the day was declared by more than half of respondents. Three meals were consumed by 41.5% of middle school pupils, 29.8% of primary school children, and 27.1% of secondary school pupils. Percentage of pupils eating meals outside the home increased with age. Elementary school pupils (91.5%) took water to school significantly more often than middle school or high school pupils (64.2% and 54.2% respectively) (p<0.05). The highest percentage of pupils buying fast food at school was elementary school children, while sweet rolls were mostly bought by middle school pupils (75.5%). Elementary school pupils (78%) are provided information on healthy eating habits from family and school, while middle school (66%) and high school pupils (74.6%) receive this information from the media and magazines. Conclusions: Dietary mistakes reported in the group of pupils were more pronounced with age of respondents. Buying at school shops was associated with an increase in the amount of junk food at the cost of nutritious food
3
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Snacking in children according to age

76%
Pac P., Gładka A., Maciorkowska M., Zalewska M., Musiałowski P., Zakrzewski M., Maciorkowska E.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2017
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vol. 7(1)
107-113
EN
Introduction: One of the major nutritional mistakes committed by children and adolescents is snacking between meals. Sweet or salty snacks are rich in simple sugars, fats, preservatives and dyes, and poor in minerals and vitamins. Their excessive consumption can lead to the development of diet-related diseases in the future. Purpose: To evaluate the nutrition of children and adolescents with a focus on snacking between meals. Materials and methods: The study included 162 students from Bialystok schools, of which primary school students accounted for 30.2%, junior high school 38.3%, high school 31.5%. The questionnaire used by the authors contained 27 questions. Results: Regular meals were consumed by only 55.1% of primary school students, 35.5% of junior high school, and 37.3% of high school students. Two and fewer meals a day were consumed by 1.6% to 5.8% of the students studied. First breakfast was omitted by 18.4% of the students in elementary school, 16.1% of junior high school, and 15.7% of high school. Second breakfast was omitted by 12.9% to 17.6% of the respondents.Sweet products instead of a second breakfast were consumed by 44.9% of primary school students, 61.3% of junior high school, and 64.7% of high school students. Snacking most often occurred in the respondents' home (69.4% of elementary school students, 43.5% of secondary level students, and 52.9% of high school students). Water in school was drunk by 85.7% of primary level students, 56.5% of junior high school, and 51.0% of high school. The main source of knowledge about nutrition for 61.2% of primary level students was the family, while television, radio, and the Internet were the main sources of knowledge for 62.7% of high school students. Conclusions: The regularity of eating in the study group decreased with the studied students’ age. The most popular products in the group of younger students were salty snacks and sweets. Healthy snacking was observed more frequently in the group of high school students. The main place of snacking was the home. The primary source of knowledge about nutrition for primary school students was the family and for high school students the mass media.
4
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Selected nutritional behaviors and physical activity among elementary school children

76%
Zalewska M., Zubrycki A., Sosnowski Z., Jamiołkowski J., Zakrzewski M., Maciorkowska E.
Progress in Health Sciences
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2017
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vol. 7(1)
131-136
EN
Introduction: Proper nutrition and physical activity are very important elements in the proper functioning and development of children. The lack of daily, systematic physical effort in younger and younger age groups is a public health problem. Purpose: To evaluate the nutrition and physical activity of children attending primary school. Materials and methods: The study was conducted among 707 pupils form randomly selected elementary schools using the authors’ own questionnaire in the school year 2013/2014. The questionnaire included questions on selected dietary habits and physical activity as well as the socio-economic conditions of the families. Results: Among the studied children, 88.6% consumed 4 or 5 meals a day. There was a statistically significant relationship between the number of meals consumed and the age of the children. Breakfast was consumed by 86.4% of children, more often residents of the city than the village (88.0% vs. 81.7%, p <0.05). Daily consum-ption of second breakfast was declared by 71.5% of boys and 74.2% of girls. The vast majority of the studied students (86.8%) have always taken part in physical education classes. Outdoor leisure time was declared by 75% of the surveyed children. Rural students showed greater involvement in outdoor activities than students from the city (86.1% vs. 70.2%, p <0.001). A total of 62.2% of boys and 51.8% of girls (p <0.05) participated in sports activities. Conclusions: Inappropriate nutrition and lack of physical activity affected both girls and boys, and the abnormalities were dependent on where they lived and were age-related.
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