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EN
This characteristic of the damage incurred to sandstone applied in nineteenth-century shrines in Tychy emphasises the particular susceptibility of the non-compact and even crumbling sandstone to changes produced by anthropogenic processes. The conducted examination comprised a foundation for conservation intent on reducing the rate of the damage to the objects and the restoration of their original appearance by means of supplementing the gaps with mineral masses. The studies took into consideration the textural varieties and colour of sandstones as well as their physical and mechanical properties. At the same time, the discussed material is easy to use in normal atmospheric conditions, and does not cause harm to the environment and the health of the conservators.
EN
The polluted atmosphere of Cracow enables us to observe an accelerated rate of devastation incurred to historical limestone buildings, often of unique rank. Those objects, subjected to the direct impact of external factors, suffer from assorted degrees of damage. The study concerns select fleurons, at present undergoing conservation, made of Pińczów limestone and situated on the external elevation of the church of the Holy Virgin Mary. The destruction of the examined decorative limestone elements occurred both in the surface sphere, where new minerals crystallised, creating an inner accretion, and in the inner sphere, where assorted types of surface build up came into being. The outer build up and remnants of sulfates should be removed from the porous area by means of cleansing. Here, it is recommended for the stone to be structurally reinforced by impregnants of considerable penetration properties, which, additionally, do not produce layers sealing the surface. The missing fragments of the fleurons should be supplemented with mineral masses specially designed for the reconstruction of different variants of Pińczów limestone. This undertaking will result in highly effective revalorisation, since such masses emulate the features of limestone and, at the same time, offer extensive opportunities for their regulation depending on the expectations of the recipient.
EN
Cracow is a town of exceptional historical significance. It contains about 3 500 historical buildings, chiefly of a sacral nature, constructed of assorted types of material, including limestone. Owing to the considerable emission of pollutants, both gas and dust, Cracow witnesses a rapid rate of the damage suffered by its valuable objects. Microstructural studies on limestone from houses in 17 and 18 Kanoniczna Street, the church of the Holy Virgin Mary and the Decjusz Villa made it possible to define properly the structure and texture of the stone, its mineral composition and porosity. Furthermore, they permitted an assessment of the susceptibility of limestone to the tempo and nature of destruction leading to the appearance of gaps. One of the methods applied for the reconstruction of such gaps is the use of mineral masses which correspond to the conserved stone not only as regards its outer appearance but also its physical and mechanical properties. Such masses are safe for the health of the users, reversible, and possess appropriate functional qualities. The conservation market offers a special Reno SUPERBET mortar, devised by a group of scientists from the Mining and Metallurgical Engineering Academy in Cracow. This mortar consists of several types of mineral masses employed for supplementing gaps in various types of limestone and sandstone.
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