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Proposal for a Method of Constructing Inclusive Urban Green Infrastructure

100%

Fronczek-Wojciechowska M., Kopacz K., Padula G., Wiśniewski S., Wojnarowska A.

European Spatial Research and Policy

2017

vol. 24

issue 1

81-105

Population ageing and growing awareness of the need for physical activity is one of the most important topics in Europe nowadays. But it should be noted that there is still no interdisciplinary and integrated approach to urban environment planning concerning physical activity of elderly people which would take into account special needs and possibilities of this particular group. Elderly people represent one of the groups which are threatened with social exclusion for different reasons. This article presents a proposal for a method of constructing a spatial system consisting of natural and anthropogenic elements of urban environment which can be interpreted as Inclusive Urban Green Infrastructure, enabling active and healthy ways of recreation, including the needs of elderly persons. It is based on the existing elements of the environment, but to create a well-functioning system in urban space it is necessary to introduce additional elements, both natural and man-created. The method refers to the spatial definition of areas for active recreation which meet the adopted, specific for elderly people, pro-health and functional requirements. Creation of such a system in cities would contribute to inclusion of this group into social life, thus boosting social coherence and integration across generations, and would also bring beneficial health results. Such infrastructure would also be of considerable importance for sustainable urban growth and improvement of the quality of urban space. The paper is based on source materials from the fields of science investigating health in connection with physiology of the process of ageing, influence of physical activity on this process, impact of negative features of the environment on the health of elderly people as well as urban space planning and development. The proposed methodology of constructing Inclusive Urban Green Infrastructure is presented on the example of Łódź, using data from the Geographic Information System (Topographic Objects Database) and population database for cities.

Influence of the CPRmeter on angular position of elbows and generated forces during cardiopulmonary resuscitation

86%

Kopacz K., Fronczek-Wojciechowska M., Jaźwińska A., Padula G., Nowak D., Gaszyński T.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2017

vol. 30

issue 6

909-916

Objectives It is commonly known that ergonomics in emergency medical services (EMS) is very important. Emergency medical services workers are exposed to different conditions and they should perform a variety of tasks. Material and Methods The aim of the work has been to analyze the angular position of elbows and forces generated by the upper limbs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation with and without the CPRmeter based on feedback technology. Ten male paramedics and 10 male non-paramedics, in a kneeling position, performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) on an Ambu Megacode manikin placed on the ground. Measurements were taken after 1 min and 4 min following the beginning of the trial. The angular position of the elbows was evaluated with a BTS Smart DX 7000 motion capture system. Kistler platforms 9286BA were used for measuring forces. Results In the paramedic group, one statistically significant difference was observed in the mean difference between maximal and minimal right elbow angle in the 1st min without the device vs. the mean difference in the 4th min without the device. In the paramedic group, a 25% force decrease was observed after 4 min of resuscitation in trials without the CPRmeter in comparison to the 1st min. In trials with the CPRmeter, the force parameters were similar in the 1st and 4th min and more stable. No statistically significant differences were noticed in the control group. Conclusions The CPRmeter has influence on the magnitude of the forces applied by the upper limbs and on the optimization of the rescuer effort during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The CPRmeter had no influence on the position of the upper part of the kinematic chain. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(6):909–916

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1 European Spatial Research and Policy

1 International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

2 Fronczek-Wojciechowska M.

2 Kopacz K.

2 Padula G.

1 Gaszyński T.

1 Jaźwińska A.

1 Nowak D.

1 Wiśniewski S.

1 Wojnarowska A.

2 2017

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Proposal for a Method of Constructing Inclusive Urban Green Infrastructure

Influence of the CPRmeter on angular position of elbows and generated forces during cardiopulmonary resuscitation