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EN
Changes related to the ongoing process of aging and the social transformations taking place in Polish society, require proper organization of the system of services for older people living in the community. As a part of the project “Improving Access to Community-Based Services for Older People Living at Home” the review of the literature on the community-based services for older people was conducted. In this article the accessibility and availability of the community-based services for older people which are offered within the frame of health and social care system were presented; additionally the SWOT-analysis of the functioning of the system was conducted.
PL
Zmiany związane postępującym procesem starzenia się oraz przeobrażeniami społecznymi, zachodzące w społeczeństwie polskim, wymagają odpowiedniej organizacji systemu usług, z których osoby starsze mogłyby korzystać w swoim środowisku zamieszkania. W oparciu o przeprowadzony w ramach projektu „Zwiększenie dostępu do środowiskowych form opieki dla osób starszych, mieszkających w gospodarstwach domowych” przegląd literatury przedstawiono dostępność do tego rodzaju usług oferowanych seniorom w ramach systemu opieki zdrowotnej i pomocy społecznej oraz dokonano analizy SWOT istniejącego formalnego systemu wsparcia oraz jego funkcjonowania.
EN
In recent years more and more attention is paid to the role of social workers not only in diagnosing problems, identifying the needs and providing effective assistance to people in the need of help, but also in activating and organizing local communities. This article is based on personal experiences of people involved in the “Improving Access to Community-Based Services for Older People Living at Home” project. Potential benefits, opportunities and threats in the cooperation between representatives of the local community and social workers, employed in local social services center were presented. Some elements essential for satisfactory cooperation between social workers and older people were also indicated.
PL
W ostatnich latach coraz więcej uwagi poświęca się roli pracowników socjalnych nie tylko w diagnozowaniu problemów, identyfikacji potrzeb oraz zapewnianiu skutecznej pomocy potrzebującym, ale także aktywizacji i organizacji społeczności lokalnych. Odwołując się do doświadczeń uczestników projektu „Zwiększenie dostępu do środowiskowych form opieki dla osób starszych, mieszkających w gospodarstwach domowych”, w artykule zaprezentowano potencjalne korzyści, szanse i zagrożenia wynikające ze współpracy przedstawicieli środowiska lokalnego z pracownikami socjalnymi, reprezentującymi ośrodek pomocy społecznej. Wskazano również niektóre elementy istotne dla satysfakcjonującej współpracy pomiędzy pracownikami ośrodka pomocy społecznej a osobami starszymi.
PL
Badania dotyczące zależności między zaangażowaniem religijnym a zdrowiem pokazują, że religijność może być źródłem wielu korzyści dla jednostki. Na pierwszym miejscu należy wymienić rolę zasobów religijnych w radzeniu sobie ze stresem. Korzyści te mogą mieć realne przełożenie na stan zdrowia, zarówno psychicznego, jak i somatycznego, szczególnie w starszym wieku. W przypadku zdrowia fizycznego wśród mechanizmów wyjaśniających obserwowaną zależność przytacza się nie tylko rolę religii w zmaganiu się z sytuacjami stresowymi, ale wskazuje się również na wpływ norm religijnych na styl życia czy stosunek do własnego ciała. W prezentowanej pracy autorki pokazują część badań przeprowadzonych w ramach projektu dotyczącego wpływu zaangażowania religijnego na zdrowie. Grupą badaną były osoby starsze, deklarujące wyznanie rzymskokatolickie, o różnym poziomie zaangażowania religijnego. Zarówno religijność, jak i zdrowie rozumiane były wielowymiarowo i ocenione kompleksowo na podstawie obszernego kwestionariusza ankiety. Wyniki analiz statystycznych wskazują na związek między niektórymi wymiarami religijności a ogólną percepcją zdrowia i samooceną funkcjonowania fizycznego. Jeśli w pewnych przypadkach to stan zdrowia wpływał na religijność (np. na częstotliwość praktyk wspólnotowych), a nie na odwrót, to w innych kierunek zależności nie jest tak oczywisty i wskazuje na możliwość zinterpretowania zaobserwowanych związków w kategoriach mechanizmów zależności szczegółowo opisanych we wstępie do artykułu.
EN
According to the research on the relationship between religiousness and health, religious involvement may have beneficial influence on individuals’ well-being, first of all serving as a potential source of religious coping responses. Due to their role in dealing with acute and day-to-day stressors religious resources can have a real impact on as well as physical health in older age. When it comes to physical health/functioning not only religious coping but also the role of religious norms in shaping healthy lifestyles and body practices is indicated as a potential mechanism of influence. This paper presents selected results of the research on the relationship between the level of religiousness and health/quality of life in older age. The sample population consisted of 367 randomly selected Roman Catholics aged 65 and over displaying various levels of religious involvement. Both religiousness and health were conceptualized as complex, multidimensional variables. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. In the statistical analyses Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and regression analysis were performed. Significant relationship were observed between some of the analyzed dimensions of religiousness and general health perception as well as physical functioning of older respondents. While in some of the observed cases health status influenced the level of religious involvement (eg. the frequency of public religious practices) and not vice versa, in the other cases the direction of the relationship is not as clear and can be explained in the light of the theories and mechanisms described in detail in the introduction to the presented paper.
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EN
Demographic changes of the European societies cause the great enlargement of the needs for care services in the elderly population. The development of the care counseling services is therefore essential. The international project “Improving Access to Community-Based Services for older People Living at Home” was launched to help elderly people and their caregivers to find the appropriate health care services and to encourage them to take advantage of such services. Testing of the access strategies to care counseling targeted at older people enabled to prepare specific recommendations. The recommendations stressed among other the role of mediators during informing process and the necessity to tailor the services to the expectations of older people.
PL
Przemiany demograficzne społeczeństw europejskich powodują, że znacznie wzrasta zapotrzebowanie na usługi opiekuńcze w populacji seniorów, stąd bardzo istotną sprawą jest rozwój poradnictwa w tym zakresie. Międzynarodowy projekt „Zwiększenie dostępu do środowiskowych form opieki dla osób starszych, mieszkających w gospodarstwach domowych” miał za zadanie uświadomić osobom starszym i ich opiekunom dostępne formy pomocy oraz zachęcić ich do korzystania z nich. Testowanie różnych strategii dostępu do poradnictwa ukierunkowanego na osoby starsze pozwoliło na wypracowanie zaleceń zawartych w rekomendacjach, które m.in. zwróciły uwagę na rolę pośredników w przekazywaniu informacji i konieczność dostosowywania oferty świadczeń do potrzeb osób starszych.
5
81%
EN
Objectives: This paper aims to assess the relationship between the determinants of the psychosocial work environment, as expressed in terms of JDC or ERI models, and all-cause mortality in older individuals. Materials and Methods: The baseline study was conducted on a cohort comprising a random sample of 65-year-old community-dwelling citizens of Kraków, Poland. All of the 727 participants (410 women, 317 men) were interviewed in their households in the period between 2001 and 2003; a structured questionnaire was used regarding their occupational activity history, which included indexes measuring particular dimensions of their psychosocial work environment based on Karasek's Job Demand-Control model and Siegrist's Effort-Reward Imbalance model, as well as health-related quality of life and demographic data. Mortality was ascertained by monitoring City Vital Records for 7 years. Analyses were conducted separately for men and women, with the multivariate Cox proportional hazard model. Results: During a 7-year follow-up period, 59 participants (8.1%) died, including 21 women (5.1% of total women) and 38 men (12%) (p < 0.05). Significant differences in the number of deaths occurred regarding disproportion between physical demands and control in men: those with low physical demands and low control died three times more often than those with high control, regardless of the level of demands. The multivariate Cox proportional hazard model showed that significantly higher risk of death was observed only in men with low physical demands and low control, compared to those with low physical demands and high control (Exp(B) = 4.65, 95% CI: 1.64-13.2). Conclusions: Observed differences in mortality patterns are similar to the patterns of relationships observed in health-related quality of life (HRQoL) level at the beginning of old age; however, the relationship between efforts and rewards or demands and control and mortality was not fully confirmed.
EN
The advancing ageing of Polish society along with transformations in the contemporary model of family cause the rise of demand for services supporting functioning of elderly people in their home environment. As part of the project “Improving Access to Community-Based Services for Older People Living at Home” there were organized two focus groups in order to examine the perception of health and social services directed to older persons by senior citizens and service-providers. The main reasons for using community-based services, the most common sources of information on services as well as the barriers and factors facilitating the using of the community-based services were identified.
EN
The article has several objectives. First, it aims to discuss, based on the international literature analysis, theoretical models and factors influencing early retirement decisions, and limiting work ability and employability of older people. Second, the concept of (and the factors related to) work ability as well as the role of age management in improving employability and sustaining work activity of older adults are analyzed against the backdrop of the Polish context. Cultural (ageism) and organizational (e.g., a lack of appropriate age management in companies) factors influencing work activity in the oldest age groups are taken into account. Third, the authors present some solutions and recommendations coming from the international Participation To Healthy Workplaces And inclusive Strategies in the Work Sector (PATHWAYS) project. Finally, theoretical models, concepts and solutions are integrated into a model elucidating the conditions (cultural, social, organizational, individual) influencing work ability of older adults. The model aims to take into account theories and factors identified in the literature review and grouped into several categories. The analysis highlights the role of appropriate age management in companies in the process of sustaining work ability of older employees.
EN
Objectives The objective of this study is to present the barriers existing in Poland to professional integration and reintegration of people with chronic diseases, including mental health conditions, and discuss them on the basis of expert opinions and in comparison with the situation in other European countries. Material and Methods The research methodology was based on a mixed-methods approach, including literature review, in-depth expert interviews, and a survey (based on a structured questionnaire) performed with experts. Results The mapping of policies, systems and services facilitating the integration and reintegration of people with chronic diseases in Poland, as well as expert opinions, made it possible to identify many barriers regarding access to support, such as an obligation to have a certificate of disability, and a system of certification by 2 institutions. There are also barriers regarding the support itself, including problems with subsidies and with professional (re)integration services. Conclusions Poland has a multi-level and multi-sector system of public institutions, which should provide support for people with disabilities and chronic diseases. Nevertheless, the research conducted in Poland indicates an insufficient implementation of the existing solutions. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2019;32(4):475–88
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