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1
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Kategoria braku odpowiedzi w świadomości rozmówców

100%
Lapis W.
Investigationes Linguisticae
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2006
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vol. 14
111-119
EN
The article presents the analysis of utterances found on Polish Internet sites concerning lack of reply: what is it, what does it tell us, and what logical value does it have? The result of this work is the introduction of reliable criteria, enabling us to give correct replies in a given situation. 
PL
The article presents the analysis of utterances found on Polish Internet sites concerning lack of reply: what is it, what does it tell us, and what logical value does it have? The result of this work is the introduction of reliable criteria, enabling us to give correct replies in a given situation.
2
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O grach i graniu oraz ich aspektach w Biblii i w Koranie

100%
Lapis W.
Homo Ludens
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2021
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vol. 1
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issue 14
133-150
EN
The paper analyzes game-related topics found in the Bible and the Koran. As far as the Bible is concerned, the material has been extracted and described using such keywords as: competition, fight, competitors, rivals, and play while for the Koran, the keywords included: game, maisir, and divination. The conclusion is that while the Bible praises participation in contests and likens it to life, the Koran discourages people from gambling equating it with blind chance which entices one away from Allah.
PL
W artykule tym przeanalizowano treści związane z grami zawarte w Biblii i w Koranie. W przypadku Biblii zebrany materiał został następnie opisany w oparciu o słowa-klucze: „współzawodnictwo”, „zawody”, „zawodnicy”, „rywale”, „igrać”, a w Koranie – „gra”, „majsir” i „wróżby”. W porównaniu podano, że w Biblii chwali się uczestnictwo w zawodach i porównuje się do nich życie, a w Koranie odżegnuje od gry jako ślepego losu odciągającego od Allaha.
3
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Logiczna analiza wypowiedzi dotyczących braku pozytywnych i negatywnych odpowiedzi

100%
Lapis W.
Investigationes Linguisticae
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2006
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vol. 14
147-161
EN
Ninety-nine statements concerning the lack of positive or negative reply were gathered from Polish Internet sites in this article and they were analysed in terms of their logical meaning (whether they denoted acceptance or lack of it). We also analysed in which situations we are dealing with such coincidences and what exactly is the touchstone that enables us to take this classification decision. 
PL
Ninety-nine statements concerning the lack of positive or negative reply were gathered from Polish Internet sites in this article and they were analysed in terms of their logical meaning (whether they denoted acceptance or lack of it). We also analysed in which situations we are dealing with such coincidences and what exactly is the touchstone that enables us to take this classification decision.
4
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Społeczne usytuowanie pojęcia dystynktywności wśród określeń synonimicznych

100%
Lapis W.
Investigationes Linguisticae
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2008
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vol. 16
99-107
EN
According to Tokarski 1980, distinctive means – ‘distinguishing, differing’. So much for a definition. However, this work will explore how this notion can be understood through analysis of specific texts in which it occurs. We will also address other questions, such as: what kinds of distinctive features there are, and how distinctiveness ranks among other concepts, including those which are regarded as its synonyms. 
5
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Usytuowanie fonologicznych cech dystynktywnych w strukturze poszczególnych typów cech głosowych

100%
Lapis W.
Investigationes Linguisticae
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2008
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vol. 16
108-118
EN
Based on the analysis of entries from Polański 1999, the present work – as its title indicates - explores “the location of phonological distinctive features in the structure of individual types of voice features”. The exploration of this topic will enable us to properly comprehend the notion of ‘distinctiveness’ (primarily in linguistics, but - through natural expansion - also in other domains of sciences). We will address such questions as: what it is (and what it is not), how to understand it, what kinds of distinctiveness exist, and which of its aspects we might deal with.
6
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„Wyjątek” jako kategoria opisu rzeczywistości

100%
Lapis W.
Investigationes Linguisticae
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2004
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vol. 11
1-6
PL
What is an exception? Is the exception exceptional or common? Should we be engaged with an exception in this connection? Do exceptions simplify or complicate our lives? In this article we deal with the analysis of these problems and we make an attempt at answering all these questions. We also look for benefits which we can obtain referring to exceptions.
7
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O wartości logicznej enigmatycznych odpowiedzi

100%
Lapis W.
Investigationes Linguisticae
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2004
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vol. 11
1-13
PL
The data discussed in the article have been collected from web pages and include sentences containing phrases: I don’t confirm or I don’t deny and compounds of both (also sentences containing synonymous phrases). The meaning of these sentences is discussed not only in their literal sense, but also in the intentional one (following the way of author’s thinking) or in the interpretative one (how the meaning was understood by its recipient).
8
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Dystynktywność ciągów

100%
Lapis W.
Investigationes Linguisticae
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2012
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vol. 25
58-71
EN
The article discusses the problem of sequence distinctiveness. The author sets out to define this concept and explain why the problem deserves attention. He then goes out to carry out a study investigating the degree of distinctiveness of one and two sequences (as a result of their comparison). The paper’s framework is based on the properties of Pascal’s triangle. W artykule omawia się zagadnienie dystynktywności ciągów: wychodząc od zdefiniowania tego pojęcia i wykazania potrzeby zajęcia się tym zagadnieniem, przechodzi się do przeprowadzenia konkretnych badań, a mianowicie stopnia dystynktywności jednego jak i dwóch ciągów (w wyniku ich porównania). W pracy tej aktywnie wykorzystuje się własności trójkąta Pascala.
9
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„Wyróżnianie”, „odróżnianie” i „rozróżnianie” jako określenia dystynktywności w „Biblii Tysiąclecia” jako określenia dystynktywności w „Biblii Tysiąclecia”

100%
Lapis W.
Język. Komunikacja. Informacja
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2017
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issue 12
EN
This article concerns those parts of the Millenium Bible (Biblia Tysiąclecia) in which one of three terms referring to distinctiveness are used. The terms are wyróżniać (to single out), odróżniać (to distinguish) and rozróżniać (to differentiate). They are examined in order to ascertain whether their usage is in accordance with both their definitions (by this author) as well as the specific references with which they are used. At the same time the understanding of distinctiveness in the Bible, both in terms of the original and (in the case of the Millenium Bible) its translation into Polish.
PL
W pracy zostały przytoczone fragmenty z Biblii Tysiąclecia, w których pojawia się jedno z trzech wyrażeń nazywających dystynktywność: wyróżniać, odróżniać i rozróżniać. Na ich podstawie bada się, czy ich użycie jest zgodne z ich definicjami (autorstwa piszącego te słowa), jak również wobec jakiego odniesieniu przedmiotowego są one używane. Tym samym bada się rozumienie dystynktywności w Biblii – zarówno ze strony jej autorów pierwotnych, jak i (w przypadku Biblii Tysiąclecia) tłumaczy na język polski.
10
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Analiza pojęć „logika” i „logiczny” w encyklikach Jana Pawła II

100%
Lapis W.
Investigationes Linguisticae
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2011
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vol. 23
61-81
EN
In this paper I examine the perception of the concepts of ‘logic’ and ‘logical’ by John Paul II, The source material includes his 14 encyclicals (though both words occur only in eight of them a total of 38 times). As it turns out, the Pope sees logic as a science, a human system, or activity (human or divine). He uses the term ‘logical’ to refer to the ‘logical conclusion’ and ‘logical thinking’.
11
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Jak się parać lingwistyką? Formalna analiza podejść wieloaspektowych

100%
Lapis W.
Investigationes Linguisticae
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2003
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vol. 9
1-3
PL
The paper proposes a formal classification of approaches to linguistic research. According to the presented calculation, one can engage in linguistic studies in forty-five ways, categorized into main approaches. The place and influence of pragmatics on this classification still seems relatively hazy.
12
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The concept of ‘logic’ and ‘logical’ in the official documents of the Pope Benedict XVI in comparison with the approach present in John Paul II encyclicals

100%
Lapis W.
Investigationes Linguisticae
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2016
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issue 34
3-10
EN
The article discusses the meaning of the words ‘logic’ and ‘logical’ as used by Pope Benedict XVI in the Encyclicals and Apostolic Exhortations. The approach of Benedict XVI is then compared with that of Pope John Paul II (as analyzed in Lapis (2011)).
13
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Rekurencja jako narzędzie do tworzenia segmentów językowych współczesnej polszczyzny

63%
Lapis W., Wierzchoń P.
Investigationes Linguisticae
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2003
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vol. 9
31-38
PL
In the present text, we discuss the phenomenon of recurrence with a special focus on the issue of its formal, mathematical description. Words as well as linguistic and extralingusitic expressions created by the means of recurrence have been described along with their subject references (denotants), the methods of their construction and record. The restrictions implied on their creation were shown in the classes defined by the areas of language: system, norm and usage. We also analysed their intonation in speech. In the description, a formalism based on the theory of sets was used (set theory, abstraction classes, n-dice theory). The examples came from a corpus of Polish.
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