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Zdolności wywiadowcze Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych

100%
Minkina M.
Doctrina. Studia społeczno-polityczne
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2010
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vol. 7
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issue 7
101-110
PL
Defining precisely what constitutes the United Nations intelligence capabilities is difficult. By definition the UN has to be a transparent organization and it is suggested that the world „intelligence” should be banned from the terminology of the UN because the term associates with illegal or undercover activities. In accordance with the traditional attitude within the UN system intelligence gathering is contrary to the open nature of the UN system and is therefore absolutely forbidden. Reform documents such as „An Agenda for Peace” and the „Brahimi Report”, describe tasks that include early-warning information gathering and the need to provide for preventive steps based upon timely and accurate knowledge of facts. Other roles have included information for the understanding of developments and global trends based on analysis, and the need to integrate intelligence assets into the UN's decision processes. Whether the term „intelligence” or „information” is used to describe knowledge, the UN already has wellestablished information and analysis systems. Intelligence in peace operations has to be able to support several primary goals: first, gain public confidence though a winning the hearts and minds or at least create passive acceptance the UN activities; second, prevent misinformation spread by the indigenous paramilitary faction and purposely or spontaneously generated rumours about UN operation; third, protect deployed personnel and minimize damages. In peace intelligence allows respond to direct and indirect threats having in mind potential UN deployment. Intelligence is a vital component of ‘soft’ political, economic, psychological, and moral power, supported by information operations, careful intelligence work, and surgical precision at the more direct military or police level. Intelligence has a strong role to play in supporting policy-makers attempting to negotiate solutions to divided communities. Many failures in the history of UN field operations might have been avoided if the UN had taken a more decisive approach to intelligence and possessed a stronger mandate to gather information and improve its information-gathering systems.
2
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Russia's return to the superpower status

100%
Minkina M.
Security and Defence Quarterly
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2019
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vol. 26
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issue 4
34-50
EN
Objectives The elite of Russian power and Russian society have never come to terms with the collapse of the Soviet Union. They also did not accept the world order with the primary role of the United States. The purpose of this article is to characterize the policy of the Russian Federation, which is aimed at rebuilding the superpower position of this state, and to identify the reasons that clearly define Russia’s determination in this respect. Methods Achieving the formulated goal will be possible by answering the question: Why does Russia strive to rebuild the status of the global superpower and what actions it undertakes in its policy? This question is the main research problem, which the authors of the article have taken up. In order to solve the indicated problem, theoretical methods will be used in the form of: source and literature criticiam, analysis, synthesis and inference. Results Nobody negates the fact that Russia is still one of the largest countries in the world. Nonetheless, it is much smaller and weaker than the USSR. By means of assertive, not to say aggressive, and anti-western politics it demands to be recognized as a superpower eligible to decide on the international order. However, in the contemporary world, the territory decides about the superpower status to a much smaller extent. Conclusions The foundations of the Russian superpower status are weak, and the popular anti-western narrative is not conducive to strengthening the Kremlin's position internationally.
3
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SYRIA: THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S RETURN TO THE MIDDLE EAST

100%
Minkina M.
The Copernicus Journal of Political Studies
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2020
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issue 1
EN
Over the years, the Middle East has played a diverse role in Soviet and later Russian foreign policy. During the period of rivalry between the USSR and the US, it was an important area of confrontation. After its end, the Russian Federation became immersed in crisis and lost interest in the region. The Middle East again appeared in the Kremlin’s geostrategic thinking after the Arab Spring which the Russian authorities perceived as fuelled and directed by the West, especially the US. The consequences of these social upheavals in the form of the overthrow of the Libyan leader or the explicit aspirations of the West to remove Bashar al-Assad from power, led Vladimir Putin to take action. This article is an attempt to interpret Russian actions in Syria, including its military involvement, through the prism of the Kremlin’s neo-superpower policy.
4
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Uwarunkowania funkcjonowania NATO i Unii Europejskiej we współczesnym środowisku bezpieczeństwa

100%
Minkina M.
Doctrina. Studia społeczno-polityczne
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2011
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vol. 8
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issue 8
143-149
PL
Trying to diagnose contemporary and future security environment of the NATO and EU one should begin with identifying challenges and goals determining activities of these two organization. Accordin to UN forecast the Word population tends do steadily increase. Demographical changes applies also to Europe as existing social balance would be undermined by growing old citizens, weakening national identity and reluctance to solve global challenges. Climate changes will bring not only global warming but inevitable geopolitical and economic consequences related to territorial borders and right to explore energy resources – oil and gas. The competition around the Arctic will involve a number of states such as US, Canada, Denmark, Norway and Russia. Another threat is the danger of new divisions in Europe resulting from the economic and civilization threats. Deepening the differences arising from such a state of affairs as well as the existing extremes of richness and poverty may bring about an escalation of social dissatisfaction, and as a consequence, internal destabilization of the states. That is the reason why both organization should upport the tendencies towards economic and political integration of Euroatlantic area countries as well as towards the development of active mutually profitable co-operation with the states and regions from beyond particular European camps and institutions. NATO and EU possess a number of tools, political and military instruments that could face and manage crisis situation arising from dramatically changing security environment. Having mentioned above in mind the United States and European Union should enforce its strategic partnership.
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Ewolucja strukturalno-kadrowa aparatu centralnego pionu ogólnego kontrwywiadu krajowego Federacji Rosyjskiej w latach 1991–2016

63%
Minkina M., Pawlikowicz L.
Studia Politologiczne
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2017
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vol. 43
194-222
EN
The authors of this article have taken on the task of systematizing a knowledge in the field relating to organizational and personal changes carried out in the last quarter of the section of the overall national counterintelligence at the headquarters level in the „new „ Russian special services – from the Federal Agency for Security of the RSFSR to creation and development of the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation And therefore the span of the research covers the period between November 1991 and September 2016. They have also analysed the human resources capabilities in the broader context of the political and socio – economic circumstances and provided forecasts as to the direction of its future development.
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