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Comparison of spoken corpora from a sociolinguistic perspective

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Chromý J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2017
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vol. 78
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issue 2
145-158
EN
This paper presents a comparison of the largest contemporary corpus of spoken Czech ORAL2013 and a different source, data gathered in the project “Sociolinguistic Analysis of the Use of Prothetic v- in Bohemia” (SAUP). Both of these data sources consist of informal interviews with Czech speakers, but their design is different. ORAL2013 is based on shorter recordings of many speakers whereas the SAUP data is based on longer recordings of fewer speakers. It is assumed that these two data sources should yield similar results since they aim to represent the same population. The comparison is based on the use of two features of spoken Czech in the Bohemia region: prothetic v- and conditional verb forms bych/bysem and bychom/bysme. Based on the analysis, it is concluded that (1) more information about the speakers should be added to future corpora like ORAL2013; (2) the corpus ORAL2013 is useful to conduct a sociolinguistic pilot study which then should be followed by a full-scale research project based on a different sample constructed strictly for the purposes of the particular research; (3) the ratio between the number of speakers in the corpus and the amount of their speech is an important (and often underestimated) aspect of corpus design which should be given careful consideration.
2
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Experimentální výzkum gramatického vidu a způsobu slovesného děje : situační modely

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Chromý J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2018
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vol. 101
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issue 3
121-137
EN
The paper presents an overview of experimental research on the role of grammatical and lexical aspect on the construction of situation models. The first part of the paper is concerned with terminological issues. The second part discusses the advantages of experimental methods in aspectual research. The third part presents selected research in the field. It is shown that most studies actually use incorrect terminology and that the distinction between progressive and non-progressive (or perfect) is incorrectly labelled as the distinction between imperfective and perfective. The paper argues that this should not be a reason to discount these studies and that it would be fruitful to include Czech language in the experimental research of aspect, since the Czech aspectual system could potentially enhance our understanding of the construction of situation models in language comprehension as such.
3
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Experimentální výzkum gramatického vidu a způsobu slovesného děje : jazyková relativita a vidové vynucení

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Chromý J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2018
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vol. 101
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issue 4
189-203
EN
The paper presents the second part of the review of experimental research on grammatical or lexical aspect. Two main topics are reviewed: the role of aspect in linguistic relativity and the aspectual coercion hypothesis. In the first part of the paper, it is shown that languages with a similar aspectual system can differ widely in their preferences in the description of certain events, and furthermore that these preferences may influence the speakers’ non-linguistic perception of events. The second part of the paper shows that previous studies on aspectual coercion differ both in their methodology and findings and that the very existence of the aspectual coercion phenomenon is not clear yet.
4
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Lingvistika jako otevřená a transparentní disciplína

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Chromý J., Cvrček V.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2021
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vol. 104
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issue 1
5-14
EN
The aim of this paper is to initiate the discussion on current trends in sharing research data (and other materials related to the research process) in the Czech linguistic community. First, we present a brief explanation of what the primary incentives are for data sharing. Second, we discuss nine main reasons for sharing data and other research materials. These are verifiability of the results, prophylactic effects, replicability, synergy and cooperation between the researchers, use of data in teaching, social and ethical responsibility, easy accessibility and interpretability of the results, data as an outcome, and the possibility to conduct a meta-analysis. Third, we focus on several examples of good practice, i.e. the Czech National Corpus, the LINDAT/CLARIAH-CZ infrastructure, TROLLing, and the Open Science Framework. As a conclusion of the paper, we present three appeals for Czech linguistics: (a) Academic journals should require data sharing as a standard aspect of the publication process, (b) academic institutions should require sharing of data and other research materials by the academic staff, (c) universities should adopt clear rules for sharing of data and other research materials for students.
5
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Eroze rodného jazyka jako předmět psycholingvistického výzkumu:

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Kříž A., Chromý J.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2020
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vol. 64
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issue 5
578-589
EN
The article gives an overview of the complex psycholinguistic topic of first language decay in healthy individuals, often called (first) language attrition. It deals with what triggers, determines and influences the process of attrition, how the attrition differs between adults and children, which language areas are affected and how. Additionally, methodological aspects of attrition research are also discussed. This specific research domain is put into the broader context of viewing language as a dynamic system. Under this perspective, language attrition is seen as a special case of lifelong language development.
CS
Příspěvek podává přehled o komplexním psycholingvistickém tématu úpadku rodného jazyka u zdravých jedinců, ke kterému se často odkazuje jako k (first) language attrition (zde především jako jazyková eroze, případně jazyková ztráta). Studie se zabývá tím, co jazykovou erozi vyvolává, podmiňuje a ovlivňuje, jak se liší u dětí oproti dospělým mluvčím, které jazykové oblasti jsou jí zasaženy a jakým způsobem. Kromě těchto čistě teoretických otázek jsou řešeny i metodologické aspekty výzkumu tohoto fenoménu. V textu je celá diskutovaná oblast začleněna do širšího kontextu pohlížejícího na jazyk jako na dynamický systém. Z této perspektivy může být jazyková eroze vnímána jako zvláštní manifestace vývoje či rozvoje jazyka, který trvá po celý život mluvčího.
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Úloha detekce slova a její využití v psycholingvistickém výzkumu:

63%
Kříž A., Chromý J.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2020
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vol. 103
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issue 4
352-367
EN
The goal of the paper is to familiarize Czech readers with a widely used psycholinguistic experimental method aimed at word recognition and lexical access, i.e. the lexical decision task. The paper provides solid theoretical basis for preparing own experiments using this method. Based on a review of various previous studies, the general principles of the method, the issues in its design and the typical types of stimuli are discussed. We explain what type of word as well as nonword characteristics affect results of the task and how the reactions towards used stimuli interact with each other. Regarding the experimental design, we discuss the role of feedback, duration times for stimuli presentation, intra-trial intervals, etc. Additionally, attention is paid to the most usual pitfalls and drawbacks of the method. The results of studies on the Czech material are also briefly presented and various tips for future research on Czech are suggested.
7
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Shlukování a přepínání v Testu verbální fluence : návrh adaptace kritérií do českého jazyka a shoda posuzovatelů

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Víchová M., Dokoupilová M., Chromý J., Urbánek T., Nikolai T.
Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)
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2020
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vol. 64
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issue 3
306-320
EN
The main goal of this study was to introduce the evaluation procedure in Verbal fluency task – clustering and switching – to the Czech public, to adapt this procedure to the Czech language and to judge its relevance. The review focuses on the way of arranging the words into the clusters (socalled clustering) and switching between them. This procedure is extended in foreign research but it has not yet been systematically adapted in the Czech context. In the article the theoretical background of clustering and switching in phonological verbal fluency (PVF) and also in semantic verbal fluency (SVF) is introduced and few classifications of clustering are described – e.g. Troyer et al. (1997), Abwender et al. (2001), Libon et al. (2009) and Tallberg et al. (2011). In Study 1, the most cited classification by Troyer et al. (1997) is adapted to the Czech language and the differences between the original version and Czech adaptation are discussed. In Study 2, ten protocols were rated by two raters and the inter-rater reliability was calculated. The value of Cohen,s kappa showed moderate to excellent agreement. This approach is very promising but it requires further research.
CS
Cílem této studie bylo představit české veřejnosti návrh clusteringu a switchingu v testu verbální fluence (VF), adaptovat vybrané klasifikace do českého prostředí a posoudit jejich relevanci. Článek se zabývá hodnocením uspořádání slov do celků (tzv. clusterů) a plynulosti přepínání mezi nimi (switching). Tento v zahraničí rozšířený přístup k analýze protokolů VF nebyl doposud v češtině systematizován. Čtenář je seznámen s teoretickým pozadím hodnocení clusterů a switchů ve fonologické verzi (PVF) i kategoriální verzi (SVF) a některými vybranými klasifikacemi – např. Troyer et al. (1997), Abwender et al. (2001), Libon et al. (2009) či Tallberg et al. (2011). Klasifikace Troyerové et al. (1997), která je celosvětově nejcitovanější, byla převzata a autoři článku se vyjádřili k jednotlivým pravidlům z pohledu českého jazyka i kulturního prostředí (Studie 1). Ve Studii 2 byly u deseti vybraných protokolů dvěma posuzovateli oskórovány fonematické clustery v PVF a sémantické clustery v SVF. Vypočtená shoda posuzovatelů ukázala v obou případech na dobrou až výbornou shodu. Jedná se o velmi slibný, nicméně stále teoretický koncept, jehož aplikace do praxe si žádá další zkoumání.
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