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DE
Der Autor versucht verschiedene Zusammenhänge von Władysław Stanisław Reymont und Amerika, sowie seine Kultur vorzustellen, indem er sich auf die so genannten „amerikanische Erzählungen” (Powrót, Księżniczka, Spowiedź), Presseveröffentlichungen und andere Quellen (vor allem Archivalien) stützt. Zuerst spricht man in diesem Artikel über die Reisen des Schriftstellers nach Amerika. Anschließend beschreibt man sein Interesse für die Probleme polnischer Emigration in den Vereinigten Staaten, sowie das ambivalente Verhältnis Reymonts zu der Zivilisation der Neuen Welt.
EN
The article analyzes the cultural life of Poles in exile in Moscow during the First World War, based on the journalism of the Polish writer T. Miciński. The article focuses on issues related to theatre and national rebirth. The research uses historical and biographical methods. The article considers two main sources. Firstly, the article analyzes memoirs of people who lived in that period. Secondly, the article looks at Miciński’s wartime journalistic texts. These texts include three of Miciński’s articles previously unknown to researchers, which were published in 1916 in the Moscow daily paper “Gazeta Polska”. The analysis has shown that Miciński’s journalism contains a lot of information about theatrical culture, and his voice in the Russian press and meetings with theatre artists could have a significant impact on the evolution of the performing arts in interwar Poland.
EN
The aim of this article is to show Emilia Sukertowa-Biedrawina’s enormous contribution tothe popularization of Michał Kajka’s poetry among Polish readers both in the country and beyondthe northern border. The mentioned researcher is presented as the editor of the volume of poems bythis Masurian poet and as an editor in the publishing houses where she published his works. Thejournalism of Sukertowa-Biedrawina, devoted to the biography and creativity of Kajka, is also meticulouslylisted and discussed. This article proves that, as an author of numerous works on Masurianculture, she contributed to the creation of the special image of this regional artist, who was characterizedas religious and patriotic as early as in the interwar period.
EN
This article presents interpretations of Erwin Kruk’s late poems included into his last two volumesof poetry: Znikanie [Vanishing] and Nieobecność [Absense]. In the course of analysis, the main themesof the senile poetry are considered: memory, evanescence and death. The puer senex theme in relationto the lyrical ego also receives the author’s attention as well as the regional context of Kruk’s poetry,i.e. its connections with the history of Masuria. However, the author notices the universality of thesepoems, as they convey a message which goes far beyond the limitations of regionalism.
EN
The general purpose of the article is to show Tadeusz Miciński’s attitude to Polish – Russian relations during the First World War, with a particular emphasis on Polish independence issues. After a detailed analysis of Miciński’s literary and journalistic works from that period, the evolution of his views is identified in this range. The article shows that his favorable attitude towards Russia in the first two years of the war resulted from his belief that the tsar`s empire was able to guarantee Polish autonomy. Miciński shared the idea of a Slavic community to defeat the German enemy. He put his faith in the feasibility of Russian promises included in the statement of Grand Duke Nikolay from 1914. Moreover, Miciński relied on the Triple Entente of the UK, France and Russia, which was supposed to be the guarantor of defeating the Central Powers, and above all, Germany. Additionally, there is a description of Miciński’s attitude to post-revolutionary Russia, his hope for the democratization of the country and later disappointment that was caused by the Bolshevik coup. Miciński warned his compatriots of succumbing to ideas spread by Lenin. It has been shown that Miciński, in his views, was always a supporter of independent Poland over party divisions
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