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EN
The aim of the article is to discuss Karol Lanckoroński’s collection of scientific photographs (1848–1933) in the context of his significance to research in the sacred art of the Italian Renaissance. This collection is currently stored in the Lanckoroński’s Archive Photography of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences (PAU) is an example of a world-class photography collection. It is compared to the most famous collections of this type, for example Bernard Berenson’s Archive Photography in Florence. Nevertheless, it was only recently that systematic work was initiated on the inventory and scientific elaboration of the entire collection. Count Karol Lanckoroński – a wellknown art lover, patron, collector and researcher of the past, created a collection of originally about 120,000 prints. According tocurrent estimates, Lanckoroński’s Archive Photography of the Polish Academy of Arts and Sciences stores approximately 45,775 images. In addition to travel documentation, the Lanckoroński’s collection includes primarily artistic photography devoted to world art, especially European art from antiquity to the nineteenth century. As can be seen from the initial examination of the collection, reproductions of Italian Renaissance works of art, in particular sacral, dominate in it. The article presents the general characterization of the collection in terms of subject matter, indicates the functions that the collection held during its creation, and further emphasized the importance of the collection for contemporary humanistic research, first of all historical-artistic.
PL
Celem artykułu jest omówienie zbioru fotografii naukowych Karola Lanckorońskiego (1848-1933) w kontekście jego znaczenia do badań z zakresu sztuki sakralnej renesansu włoskiego. Zbiór ów obecnie przechowywany w Fototece Lanckorńskich Polskiej Akademii Umiejętności (PAU) stanowi przykład światowej klasy kolekcji fotografii. Przyrównywany bywa do najsłynniejszych tego typu zbiorów, w tym fototeki Bernarda Berensona weFlorencji. Mimo to dopiero od niedawna rozpoczęto systematyczne prace nad inwentaryzacją oraz opracowaniem naukowym całej kolekcji. Hrabia Karol Lanckoroński-znany miłośnik sztuki, mecenas, kolekcjoner i badacz przeszłości stworzył zbiór liczący pierwotnie około 120 tysięcy odbitek. Według obecnych szacunków Fototeka Lanckorońskich PAU przechowuje około 45 775 obiektów. W zakres zbioru Lanckorońskiego oprócz dokumentacji podróżniczej wchodzą przede wszystkim fotografie o tematyce artystycznej poświęcone sztuce światowej, a szczególnie europejskiej od antyku po wiek XIX. Jak wynika ze wstępnego przebadania zbioru dominują w nim reprodukcje dzieł sztuki renesansu włoskiego, w szczególności o tematyce sakralnej. Na łamach artykułu dokonano ogólnej charakterystyki zbioru pod względem tematycznym, wskazano funkcje, które zbiór ów pełnił w czasach swego powstania, w dalszej kolejności zaś podkreślono wagę kolekcji dla współczesnych badań humanistycznych, przede wszystkim historyczno-artystycznych.
EN
The article addresses the issue of dissemination of knowledge about the national monuments of architecture through their printed images. This phenomenon was mostly developed in the 19th century when the interest in historic monuments, especially various buildings and their past, was stimulated by the popular in Europe fascination with history. This was particularly important in enslaved Poland. One form of visual dissemination of knowledge about important historic architecture of the country was the printmaking. Engravings became an efficient tool for education, providing a deeper understanding of the artistic culture of the country. At the same time they became helpful in any research of historical and iconographic type, as evidenced by a popular 19th-century phenomenon of creating graphic collections. Collecting of engravings, including views of historic native monuments, was particularly popular among aristocrats, intellectuals and artists. Popularization of Polish architectural heritage was made in a variety of ways. The recipient could come into contact with them through the so-called picturesque albums, illustrated magazines and publications promoting local heritage. An interesting and notable way of spreading the knowledge about Polish monuments were popular publications for pilgrims and devotional images. Educational nature of the above publications undoubtedly influenced Polish public awareness of importance and patriotic value of historic architecture. While analyzing a large iconographic material in the form of the 19th-century engravings depicting historic buildings the use of pattern becomes noticeable. Some monuments were more popular than others due to the frequent repetition of a particular theme by various artists or even copying the originals. Such practice resulted in a visual awareness of certain buildings in particular. It is worth mentioning that especially two albums: by Zygmunt Vogel and Jan Nepomucen Głowacki, provided constantly repeated in the 19th century patterns. The article emphasizes an enormous role of the 19th-century engravings in raising awareness and educating about historic monuments. The significant importance of graphic arts was the result of their main characteristic – the ability to produce multiple impressions of the same iconographic motifs. The 19-century studies of national monuments by early researchers and art lovers would not have received a wider response and social concern without the popularity of architectural images captured in prints.
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