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PL
Życie we współczesnym świecie wiąże się ze spotykaniem się z przedstawicielami różnych kultur. Istnienie stereotypów wydaje się naturalnym sposobem na oswojenie Innego. Kahnemann (2011) opisuje dwa systemy funkcjonujące w każdym człowieku — szybki i nieświadomy System pierwszy oraz wolny i refleksyjny System drugi. Autorka artykułu szuka odpowiedzi na pytanie, czy i w jaki sposób pogłębiana w trakcie studiów wiedza wpływa na zmianę pierwszych, ogólnie istniejących skojarzeń, czyli stereotypów. Przedstawione wyniki ukazują, że uruchomienie Systemu drugiego wymaga wysiłku i czasu. Możliwe, że jest to powodem, dla którego ciężko przezwyciężyć jest stereotypy.
EN
Living in a multicultural world demands intercultural abilities. The present article aims to analyse how students of Neophilological Faculties should be taught to be able to act as cultural mediators in the future. We also present the results of an inquiry which aimed to show if the knowledge influences the first impression opinions.
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La cultura implicita inserita nei dialoghi

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The article points out the importance of implicit information transmitted in dialogues whose principle aim is to introduce new vocabulary and grammar items. The handbooks often constitute the first contact with Italian culture apart from the existing stereotypes. Each book has a separate part dedicated to the civilisation nevertheless students also pay their attention to the information and to the attitudes presented by the protagonists of dialogues. Teachers of foreign languages should accomplish the role of a cultural mediator able to explain the signification of certain types of behaviour. The analysis of four books for elementary course enables to observe several characteristics of Italian society presented in an implicit manner in the dialogues or readings. The image of an Italian that arises is a talkative and noisy person who likes enjoying his life, loves eating, especially pasta and pizza, and cannot imagine a day without a telephone conversation with friends or without siesta. Teachers must be conscious of this implicit cultural content to be prepared to clarify this image or to enrich it with other examples.
EN
Is Poland open to new religions? The answer to this question is a complex one. From the legal point of view every denomination or religion is guaranteed equality. However, when we consider that 90% of Poles are Roman Catholics (at least in statistics), we should note that Catholicism decidedly prevails and the remaining denominations are far from popular. Reaching back in history to the year 966, the Catholic faith has become a part of Polish culture over the centuries. Irrespective of the schisms the Church has experienced in the West, it has remained rather homogeneous in Poland. Yet its strong position has not hindered the representatives of other denominations in reaching Polish territories and winning over believers.
PL
Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie sposobów analizy tekstów oraz procesów zachodzących w procesie czytania. Szczególną uwagę zwraca się na subiektywne, emocjonalne i wartościujące elementy dyskursu naukowego i ich interpretację dokonaną przez odbiorców.
EN
The article aims to present different ways of approching to a text. A particular attention is put on subjective, emotional and valuating elements of scientific discourse and its appropriate interpretation by readers.
PL
Złożoność i wieloaspektowość zadania, jakim jest napisanie tekstu, przysparza uczącym się wielu problemów. Postawiono sobie zatem pytanie, czy uczący się, którzy do pewnego stopnia opanowali niezbędną kompetencję leksykalno-gramatyczną, są w stanie napisać mail (wypowiedź zgodną z regułami dyskursu) wyłącznie na podstawie inputu w postaci wzorcowej formy takiego dokumentu. Następnie poszerzono pytanie badawcze o wpływ ćwiczeń, mających na celu usprawnienie poszczególnych umiejętności niezbędnych do napisania maila, na jakość wypowiedzi pisemnych uczących się. Na podstawie analizy porównawczej wypowiedzi uczniów, napisanych przed ćwiczeniami i po ćwiczeniach przygotowujących, zostaną wyciągnięte wnioski, które pozwolą odpowiedzieć na postawione pytania badawcze.
EN
Writing a text is a complex task that can pose many problems for students. At the beginning of the article we ask a research question if a student that has already acquired a certain level of lexical and grammatical competence is able to write a mail (an utterance that respects the discourse rules) on the basis of input of an exemplary document. Next we want to verify an impact of exercises that aim to improve the abilities necessary to write a mail. The comparative and qualitative analysis should help to draw conclusions that allow to answer the research questions.
IT
Il presente contributo mira a presentare l’opinione degli apprendenti universitari della Facoltà di Neofilologia sul testo argomentativo. Ci interessano le loro conoscenze teoriche sull’argomentazione e i generi testuali argomentativi, nonché le loro opinioni sull’importanza dell’analisi e dell’esercitazione di diverse tipologie testuali durante i corsi di lingua straniera. Anche alla luce della nostra esperienza didattica possiamo constatare che il compito di scrivere un testo argomentativo durante il corso di lingua straniera (nel nostro caso è l’italiano) si trasforma di solito in un’attività di pura elencazione degli argomenti pro e contro una tesi. Per lo più gli argomenti elencati sono di poca efficacia argomentativa perché sono luoghi comuni, opinioni diffuse e ripetute nello stesso genere di composizioni durante i cicli educativi precedenti. Tramite un questionario somministrato a 33 studenti polacchi, spagnoli e italiani osserviamo le loro opinioni e le loro conoscenze sul discorso argomentativo.
EN
The aim of this paper is to present the views of university learners in the Faculty of Neophilology on argumentative text. We are interested in their theoretical knowledge of argumentation and argumentative text genres, as well as their opinions on the importance of analysing and practising different text types during foreign language courses. Furthermore, in light of our teaching experience, we can see that the task of writing an argumentative text in a foreign language course (in our case, Italian) usually turns into an activity of purely listing arguments for and against a thesis. The arguments listed are mostly of little argumentative effectiveness because they are commonplace, widespread opinions repeated in the same kind of compositions during previous educational cycles. Using questionnaire administered to 33 Polish, Spanish, and Italian students, we observed their opinions and knowledge of argumentative discourse.
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