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Assessment of health condition as related to lifestyle among students in the examination period

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Jaremków A., Markiewicz-Górka I., Pawlas K.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2020
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vol. 33
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issue 3
339-351
EN
ObjectivesThe aim of this paper was to investigate the impact of changes in the students’ lifestyle during an examination period on their health condition, as evidenced by changes to the body composition and metabolic rates.Material and MethodsThe study involved 268 Wroclaw Medical University students (second- and third-year students). The study was performed 3 times (at the beginning of a semester, in the middle of a semester, and in the examination period) and included a completion of a questionnaire on the current lifestyle, as well as measurements of the body composition, the basal metabolic rate, and the waist and hip circumferences. The measurements were carried out with the use of a body composition analyzer (Tanita MC-780 MA) and a tape measure with a waist–hip ratio calculator.ResultsIn the examination period, as compared with the rest of the semester, a significant decrease was observed in the metabolic rates, and the body water and muscle mass of the examined students. During that period, there were also more frequent adverse changes in the students’ lifestyle. In the studied periods, a correlation was found between changes in the frequency of snacking, consuming sweets and cola drinks, and the alterations of the subjects’ body fat mass, i.e., r = 0.161, r = 0.135, and r = 0.143, respectively. In turn, differences in the frequency of drinking wine, physical activity, sleep length, and time devoted to learning correlated with changes in the participants’ body water, i.e., r = 0.140, r = 0.152, and r = 0.133 (r = −0.142, r = −0.147), respectively, and muscle mass, i.e., r = 0.141, r = 0.142, and r = 0.126 (r = −0.130, r = −0.142), respectively, and metabolism, i.e., r = 0.127, r = 0.145 and r = 0.135 (r = −0.127, r = −0.135), respectively.ConclusionsThe analysis of the body composition and metabolic rates of the students during an examination period indicates that the changes occurring in various elements of their lifestyle (e.g., dietary habits, physical activity) can result in deteriorating their health condition.
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Cadmium, mercury and lead in the blood of urban women in Croatia, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, China, Ecuador and Morocco

39%
Pawlas N., Strömberg U., Carlberg B., Cerna M., Harari F., Harari R., Horvat M., Hruba F., Koppova K., Krskova A., Krsnik M., Li Y.-F., Löfmark L., Lundh T., Lundström N.-G., Lyoussi B., Markiewicz-Górka I., Mazej D., Osredkar J., Pawlas K., Rentschler G., Spevackova V., Spiric Z., Tratnik J. S., Vadla D., Zizi S., Skerfving S., Bergdahl I. A.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2013
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vol. 26
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issue 1
58-72
EN
Objectives: The aim of the study was to make an international comparison of blood levels of cadmium (B-Cd), lead (BPb) and mercury (B-Hg) of women in seven European, and three non-European cities, and to identify determinants. Materials and Methods: About 50 women (age: 46–62) from each city were recruited (totally 480) in 2006–2009. Interview and questionnaire data were obtained. Blood samples were analysed in one laboratory to avoid interlaboratory variation. Results: Between the European cities, the B-Pb and B-Cd results vary little (range of geometric means: 13.5–27.0 μg/l and 0.25–0.65 μg/l, respectively); the variation of B-Hg was larger (0.40–1.38 μg/l). Between the non-European cities the results for B-Pb, B-Cd and B-Hg were 19.2–68.0, 0.39–0.99 and 1.01–2.73 μg/l, respectively. Smoking was a statistically signifi cant determinant for B-Cd, while fi sh and shellfi sh intakes contributed to B-Hg and B-Pb, amalgam fi llings also contributed to B-Hg. Conclusions: The present results confi rm the previous results from children; the exposure to lead and cadmium varies only little between different European cities suggesting that other factors than the living area are more important. The study also confi rms the previous fi ndings of higher cadmium and lead levels in some non-European cities. The geographical variation for mercury is signifi cant.
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