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Acquiring courage to face the truth: shifts in attitudes toward child sexual abuse

100%
Karkošková S.
Family Forum
|
2017
|
issue 7
169-182
EN
In science, culture and morality, from a historical point of view, we can see gradual changes in attitudes toward the child sexual abuse phenomenon. While by the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century scholars as well as laypeople had a strong tendency to deny and minimize this socio-pathological phenomenon, by the end of the 20th century, thanks to scientific progress and public awareness raising, the society began to accept the cruel truth about child sexual abuse. This topic is no longer such a big taboo and people are able to speak more openly about it (especially through the media, social networks and nongovernmental organizations). Readiness to act – the courage to intervene, help victims and hold perpetrators accountable – is also changing.
PL
W nauce, kulturze i moralności, z historycznego punktu widzenia, obserwujemy stopniowe zmiany postaw wobec zjawiska wykorzystywania seksualnego dzieci. O ile pod koniec XIX i na początku XX wieku uczeni, a także laicy usilnie skłaniali się ku zaprzeczaniu i minimalizowaniu tego zjawiska społeczno-patologicznego – do końca XX wieku, dzięki postępowi naukowemu i podnoszeniu świadomości społecznej, społeczeństwo zaczęło akceptować okrutną prawdę o wykorzystywaniu seksualnym dzieci. Ten temat nie jest już tak wielkim tabu jak wcześniej, ludzie są w stanie mówić o tym coraz więcej (szczególnie za pośrednictwem mediów, sieci społecznościowych i organizacji pozarządowych). Gotowość do działania – odwaga, by interweniować, pomagać ofiarom i pociągać sprawców do odpowiedzialności – również się zmienia.
2

BELIEFS OF HELPING PROFESSIONALS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE ASSESSMENT

63%
Karkošková S., Mikulášková G.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2020
|
vol. 23
|
issue 3
1 – 17
EN
Child sexual abuse (CSA) is one of the most serious socio-pathological phenomena. However, its identification is challenging and linked to the risk of false positive and false negative conclusions, with far-reaching consequences for the lives of those affected. Incorrect assessments of suspected CSA cases can be made not only by lay people, but also by helping professionals who gather and evaluate information, consider further procedures and make decisions. The aim of the presented review study is to summarize current scientific knowledge that answers two key questions. (1) what contributes to errors in the assessment of relevant cases; and (2) how these errors can be prevented. Previous research has shown that personal beliefs significantly influence the processes by which individuals search for, store, and interpret relevant information (Kahneman et al., 1982). For the purposes of this study, databases of scientific publications were primarily searched for research papers that mapped the beliefs of helping professionals in relation to CSA, as well as papers on strategies to reduce errors in the assessment processes of relevant cases. We identified three significant groups of beliefs that could lead to misjudgments of suspected CSA cases: (1) Misconceptions about CSA, (2) Beliefs related to the implications of the case assessment and (3) Beliefs about one's own objectivity and expertise.
3

EFFECT OF EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION DURING THE DISCLOSURE OF SEXUAL ABUSE ON THE PERCEIVED CREDIBILITY OF THE CSA VICTIMS

51%
Mikulášková G., Karkošková S., Jozefík D.
Človek a spoločnosť. Internetový časopis pre pôvodné teoretické a výskumné štúdie z oblasti spoločenských vied
|
2021
|
vol. 24
|
issue 3
20 - 33
EN
Assessing the credibility of child sexual abuse (CSA) disclosure by experts from many fields working with child abuse cases is complex due to several variables and may even be influenced by many biases. Research confirms that, among other factors, the emotions that a child expresses during the disclosure of sexual abuse are an important factor in assessing the credibility of a child victim (Wessel et al., 2015). The aim of the quasi-experiment was to verify the results of selected research studies (Wessel et al., 2015), which focus on the perceived credibility of the child victim showing various emotional expressions. In particular, the aim was to find out how the following emotional expressions – sad, angry, neutral and positive – of the child during the disclosure of sexual abuse affect the perceived credibility of the child victim. The study was based on the following assumptions: 1) the highest level of credibility of the child victim would be related to the sad and neutral emotional expression and 2) the angry and positive emotional expression would be related to the lower perceived credibility of the child victim. The research sample consisted of 34 psychology students, aged 20 – 25 years (M = 21.83, SD = 1.55). The stimulus material in the form of video recordings of interviews with a potential CSA victim was created by the authors of this study, based on the recommendation of Cromer and Freyd (2007). The interview protocol providing the basis for the creation of video recordings was developed by Wessel et al. (2015). The difference in the perceived credibility of the potential CSA victim was confirmed if the disclosure was accompanied by a positive emotional expression compared to a neutral, sad or angry emotional expression. The results confirmed a significantly lower level of the perceived credibility of the CSA victim when the disclosure was accompanied by a positive emotional expression.
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