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1

Tourism through the Eyes of the Holy See

100%
Dziubiński Z.
Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research
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2009
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vol. 46
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issue 1
254-260
EN
The Vatican's vision of tourism is based on Christian humanism, integral humanism and personalism. At the very core of the vision are human beings, who are not only the creators of tourism but also its ultimate goal, and for this reason all values of the natural world should be unconditionally subordinated to the good that are people. Consequently, the fundamental goal of tourism is to satisfy the needs of exploration, relaxation, entertainment and, first and foremost, the spiritual and intellectual needs of every person. Tourism has to help build a sense of community. It should also contribute to the elimination of poverty and foster the sense of responsibility for the environment. Tourism must not be exclusive to the rich and it should never be a time of depravity, promiscuity and, consequently, the degradation of people. Tourism should become an opportunity for all people to discover their contemplative dimension, giving them a chance to see God in nature and first of all, in other people.
2

Olympism in the Context of Modernity

100%
Dziubiński Z.
Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research
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2009
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vol. 47
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issue 1
125-136
EN
The sociological outlook on Olympism and sport contained in this paper covered the ideas and notions of sport to a lesser extent than the actual state of affairs, that is, the condition of sport here and now. The sociological description of sport assumed that sport was an element of the modern society and contemporary culture. This perspective allowed the description and analysis of sport in terms which are employed by sociology, or more generally, by social sciences. This means that it was possible to reflect upon sport through paradigms, theories and trends of thought which are effectively used in attempts at sociological descriptions of modern societies.The critical analysis of Olympism and contemporary sport, presented above, does not assert that Olympism and sport have run out of possibilities for further development. On the contrary, both Olympism and contemporary sport are the hope and the chance that a better future awaits communities, cultures, civilizations and humanity on a global scale. Furthermore, the threats and negative trends which emerge in sport should not remain concealed or underestimated, because they are of an objective character and have an effect on the whole of the humanistic power of sport. One should also realise that all the aforementioned negative phenomena and processes do not result from some kind of degeneration of sport as such, but are caused by general, external tendencies which penetrate sport through economic, financial, axiological, ethical and many other channels.The more or less clear outline of the future of sport contained in this paper is of an alternative and exclusively probabilistic character. The future development of sport can take three different directions. Firstly, the future may bring out and strengthen all the tendencies which are already present in contemporary sport, such as dehumanisation, commercialisation, visualisation and medialisation. Secondly, there may emerge a global trend to force sport into the idealised frame of the past and make it become what it was after its foundations had been laid during the Hellenistic period, or rather, the way people remember it being. However, such inclinations towards general reconstruction usually emerge after radical developments which, for example, challenge sport as a cultural reality. Thirdly, the postmodernist ideals may be revived in one form or another, and while they will not necessarily alter the structure of sport, they will put the emphasis which results from certain trends and processes on some unspecified areas of sport consumption and the pursuit of maximal sensations and excitement in sport.No ideals are immune to distortion when subjected to the process of materialisation. Ideals are not realised by perfect and metaphysical beings, but by humans made of flesh and bones and having both good and bad inclinations. Every person is socialised and moulded in a specific cultural and social reality which is never free from deviation and pathology. Similarly, there can be no sport, and that includes the Olympic movement, which could possibly remain an enclave of good and nobleness, a paradise on Earth, with a wall separating it from all the phenomena and processes that take place in contemporary societies. In a way, sport and the Olympic movement are bound to be penetrated by diverse phenomena and trends which have an impact on the spirit and image of sport.There are no ideal societies nor is there ideal sport, free from deviation and pathology. It is thus totally impossible to accomplish the utopia of the Olympic movement and sport as a land of happy people, uninfluenced by phenomena and processes which are characteristic of modern societies. There can be no world without individuals who breach cultural models, norms and values, no world without deviants and swindlers. Nevertheless, this unattainable utopia has to be pursued, because in the pursuit, people can achieve a lot to improve the axionormative order in sport as well as social life in all its aspects.
3

Social Aspects of Physical Education and Sport in Schools

100%
Dziubiński Z.
Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research
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2011
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vol. 52
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issue 1
49-60
EN
The paper entitled Social Aspects of Physical Education and Sport in Schools follows the tradition of social research on physical culture, focusing on the evolution of physical education and sport in schools. The subject is analysed using terms and theories that are characteristic of sociology, most notably the sociology of physical culture, historical sociology and the sociology of culture. Individual subsections look at physical education and sport from the angle of cultures and societies, analysing them in the context of their presence in different schooling systems. Questions of physical education and sport in schools are presented with regards to the following concepts: institutionalisation of education, pre-modern societies, developing modern societies, and developed modern societies. In the closing section, the paper discusses the situation of physical education and sport in schools during the final phase of modern societies, including in Poland.
4

The Determinants of Polish Society’s Participation in Sport and the Directions of Change

100%
Dziubiński Z.
Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research
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2014
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vol. 61
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issue 1
74-83
EN
Sport plays an important role in modern societies, including those in Europe. However, individual countries differ in terms of their citizens’ participation in universally accessible sport. In some societies, the percentage of people who pursue different sports is high, while in other countries it is insignificant. What are the reasons behind such differences? What variables are crucial to accounting for these differences? How has Polish society changed in this regard? Theoretical and empirical analyses show that people in Poland are becoming increasingly active when it comes to sport. In terms of taking part in sport, Polish society is starting to catch up with other European societies. The decisive role in the process is played by: a) social factors (education and affluence), b) the ideals and values that dominate the local culture (physical appearance, kinetic pleasures, and positive emotions), and c) the efficiency and adequacy of the physical education system in schools (innovation, the use of cyberspace, and efforts aimed at addressing social needs). If these three areas of socialization - society, culture and physical education in schools - reach a high level of convergence and if fewer variables hinder the process than at present, people in Poland will become as physically active as other societies in the West.
5
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The Impact of Primary Socialisation on the Choice of the Ultimate Sport of Choice by Players of the First-League Legia Warsaw Football Club

63%
Dziubiński Z., Czachowski D.
Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology
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2014
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vol. 14
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issue 3
27-32
EN
Introduction. Socialisation, including primary socialisation, is a focus of interest for social scientists, sociologists in particular. Empirical findings indicate that primary socialisation which people go through in the early years of their lives plays a fundamental role in preparing them for living within a society. The reason is that primary socialisation takes place in the emotional environment of a family and children live in microcosms defined by their parents, microcosms to which there is no alternative. It is interesting to find out whether this process also affects the area of sport. The aim of this study is to examine the influence of primary socialisation on the choice of football as the ultimate sport of choice by players of Poland’s best first-league football team in the 2012/13 season. Material and methods. The study involved a survey conducted between April 1st and 30th, 2013, on a purposive sample of N = 25 football players of the first-league Legia Warsaw football club. The diagnostic poll method was used in the study and an original, categorised poll was the research tool. The surveying technique was an auditorium questionnaire. Results. After analysis, empirical data obtained from the survey shows that a person’s involvement in sport is affected by primary socialisation. Family members of most of the surveyed players have a certain degree of experience with practicing a sport. The players’ fathers were usually the ones who provided practical and financial support to facilitate their sons’ sports participation. The study has also found that the players’ families did not devote very much time to organising sport activities and the parents did not spend excessive funds on such activities. A valid conclusion, then, is that primary socialisation had a significant impact on the career choices made by the surveyed football players. This confirms the important role of primary socialisation into sport and conforms with social science theories and paradigms in a broader sense that applies to primary socialisation into society and culture.
PL
Problematyka socjalizacji, w tym socjalizacji pierwotnej, znajduje się w centrum zainteresowania nauk społecznych, a szczególnie socjologii. Z ustaleń empirycznych wynika, że socjalizacja pierwotna, którą człowiek przechodzi w początkowych latach swego życia, odgrywa fundamentalną rolę w procesie przygotowania do życia w społeczeństwie. Dzieje się tak dlatego, że socjalizacja pierwotna przebiega w klimacie nasączonym uczuciami rodzinnymi i dziecko żyje w bezalternatywnym świecie zdefiniowanym przez rodziców. Zatem interesujące jest, czy stwierdzona prawidłowość dotyczy również dziedziny sportu. Celem badań było poznanie wpływu socjalizacji pierwotnej na wybór sportu życia przez piłkarzy najlepszej drużyny polskiej ekstraklasy w sezonie 2012/13. Materiał and metody. Badania przeprowadzono w okresie 1-30 kwietnia 2013 roku na celowej próbie N = 25 piłkarzy ekstraklasowego klubu sportowego „Legia” Warszawa. Wykorzystana została metoda sondażu diagnostycznego. Narzędziem badawczym był autorski skategoryzowany kwestionariusz ankiety, zaś techniką - ankietowanie audytoryjne. Wyniki. Z analizy zebranych danych empirycznych wynika, że socjalizacja pierwotna ma wpływ na uczestnictwo w sporcie. W większości członkowie rodzin badanych zawodników posiadają pewne doświadczenie w uprawianiu sportu. Wsparcie organizacyjne jak i finansowe w dużej części skupiało się na ojcu. Badania ujawniły również, że czas poświęcony na organizację zajęć sportowych w rodzinie, jak i ponoszone nakłady finansowe przez rodziców nie były zbyt duże. Można zatem stwierdzić, że wpływ socjalizacji pierwotnej na wybór sportu życia przez badanych piłkarzy był znaczący. Zatem potwierdzona została ważna rola socjalizacji pierwotnej do sportu, co jest zgodne z teoriami i paradygmatami w naukach społecznych w rozumieniu bardziej ogólnym, a mianowicie w odniesieniu do socjalizacji pierwotnej - do społeczeństwa i kultury.
6
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Konstruowanie kobiecości i męskości w sporcie na przykładzie języka sportowych przekazów prasowych w „Gazecie Wyborczej”

51%
Mazur Z., Organista N., Dziubiński Z.
Studia Socjologiczne
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2018
|
issue 1(228)
195-218
PL
Artykuł stanowi próbę zbadania języka medialnych przekazów sportowych w „Gazecie Wyborczej” pod kątem militaryzacji języka sportu i wynikających z tego konsekwencji dla sposobu portretowania sportu kobiet i mężczyzn. Celami badania było: sprawdzenie, ile miejsca zajmują przekazy prasowe dotyczące sportu kobiet i mężczyzn oraz poznanie, czy metafory wojenne oraz metafory ciała jako broni, maszyny lub narzędzia występują w sportowych przekazach prasowych w „Gazecie Wyborczej” w latach 2010–2013. Badanie wykazało znaczne niedoreprezentowanie przekazów na temat sportu kobiet oraz występowanie istotnie częściej metafor wojennych w artykułach dotyczących sportu mężczyzn. Sposób nazywania sportowców oraz występowanie metafor ciała jako maszyny czy broni również wskazuje na powszechne używanie terminologii odsyłającej do militaryzmu i działań zbrojnych. Sposób i częstość użycia metafor wojennych w opisie sportu mężczyzn uwidocznia podtrzymywanie tradycyjnego dyskursu męskości opartego na sile fizycznej, wytrzymałości i agresywności.
EN
This study focused on the language of media sports coverage in Gazeta Wyborcza. Special attention was paid to militarization of sports language and consequences of this process for portraying women’s and men’s sport. The main purpose of this study was to verify how much space is devoted to women’s and men’s sport and if there were martial metaphors and metaphors of body as a weapon, machine or tool in the sports press coverage. The study indicated the major underrepresentation of women’s sport press coverage as well as the significantly higher frequency of the martial metaphors in the texts about men’s sport. The strategies of sportspeople’s naming and usage of the metaphors of body as a weapon or machine pointed out at the militarization of the language. The frequency and the manner of utilization of martial metaphors in portraying men’s sport emphasized the traditional discourse of ‘male power’, endurance and aggressiveness.
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