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Zastosowanie modelu „Wymagania Pracy - Zasoby” do badania związku między satysfakcją zawodową, zasobami pracy, zasobami osobistymi pracowników i wymaganiami pracy

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Potocka A., Waszkowska M.
Medycyna Pracy
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2013
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vol. 64
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issue 2
217-225
EN
Background: The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between job demands, job resourses, personal resourses and job satisfaction and to assess the usefulness of the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model in the explanation of these phenomena. Materials and Methods: The research was based on a sample of 500 social workers. The "Psychosocial Factors" and "Job satisfaction" questionnaires were used to test the hypothesis. Results: The results showed that job satisfaction increased with increasing job accessibility and personal resources (r = 0.44; r = 0.31; p < 0.05). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that job resources and job demands [F(1.474) = 4.004; F(1.474) = 4.166; p < 0.05] were statistically significant sources of variation in job satisfaction. Moreover, interactions between job demands and job resources [F(3,474) = 2.748; p < 0.05], as well as between job demands and personal resources [F(3.474) = 3.021; p < 0.05] had a significant impact on job satisfaction. The post hoc tests showed that 1) in low job demands, but high job resources employees declared higher job satisfaction, than those who perceived them as medium (p = 0.0001) or low (p = 0.0157); 2) when the level of job demands was perceived as medium, employees with high personal resources declared significantly higher job satisfaction than those with low personal resources (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The JD-R model can be used to investigate job satisfaction. Taking into account fundamental factors of this model, in organizational management there are possibilities of shaping job satisfaction among employees. Med Pr 2013;64(2):217–225
PL
Wstęp: Celem prezentowanych badań było określenie związków między wymaganiami pracy, zasobami pracy, zasobami osobistymi a satysfakcją zawodową oraz określenie użyteczności modelu Wymagania Pracy - Zasoby w wyjaśnianiu stwierdzonych związków. Materiał i metody: Badaniami objęto 500 pracowników socjalnych z całej Polski. Do testowania hipotez zastosowano kwestionariusz „Czynniki psychospołeczne" oraz skalę „Satysfakcja zawodowa". Wyniki: Wykazano, że wraz ze wzrostem dostępnych zasobów pracy oraz wzrostem dostępnych zasobów osobistych wzrasta satysfakcja z pracy (r = 0,44; p < 0,05; r = 0,31; p < 0,05). Analiza wariancji (ANOVA) wykazała, że zasoby pracy [F(1,474) = 4,004; p < 0,05] oraz wymagania pracy [F(1,474) = 4,166; p < 0,05] są istotnymi źródłami zmienności satysfakcji zawodowej. Ponadto interakcja wymagań pracy i zasobów pracy [F(3,474) = 2,748; p < 0,05] oraz wymagań pracy i zasobów osobistych [F(3,474) = 3,021; p < 0,05] ma statystycznie istotny wpływ na poziom zadowolenia z pracy. Porównania post hoc wykazały, że: 1) w warunkach niskich wymagań pracy, ale przy dużych zasobach pracy pracownicy odczuwają istotnie wyższy poziom satysfakcji zawodowej w porównaniu z osobami oceniającymi zasoby pracy jako średnie (p = 0,0001) lub niskie (p = 0,0157); 2) przy średnim poziomie wymagań pracy osoby szacujące swoje zasoby osobiste jako duże deklarowały istotnie wyższą satysfakcję z pracy niż osoby oceniające swoje zasoby osobiste jako małe (p = 0,0001). Wnioski: Wykazano użyteczność modelu Wymagania Pracy - Zasoby do badania satysfakcji zawodowej. Uwzględniając w zarządzaniu organizacją składowe modelu, tj. wymagania pracy oraz zasoby (pracy i osobiste), można wpływać na poziom satysfakcji zawodowej. Med. Pr. 2013;64(2):217–225
2
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Differences in nutritional status of preschool children in the context of the maternal social characteristics

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Potocka A., Jacukowicz A.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2017
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vol. 30
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issue 5
811-821
EN
Objectives It is generally accepted that maternal factors are important in maintaining the adequate nutritional status of young children. This study was aimed at verifying whether mother’s socio-demographic (age and relationship status) and socio-economic features (education and professional status) differentiate the child’s nutritional status. Material and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted between April and October 2013. Five hundred thirty mothers of preschool children from 5 different regions of Poland were interviewed. Mothers were interviewed on their socio-demographic and socio-economic status. To assess the child’s nutritional status, body mass index (BMI) z-score and the diet indicators were calculated, such as the percentage of the estimated average requirement for energy (%EAR), the percentage of energy coming from carbohydrates (%EC), fat (%ET) and proteins (%EP). Percentage of the estimated average requirement for energy, %EC, %ET and %EP was obtained from 24-h dietary recalls conducted with the mothers. Results The results showed that mother’s education and professional status did not differentiate any of the indices of the child’s nutritional status. However, maternal age and her relationship status occurred significant (ANOVA; p < 0.05). Children of younger mothers had higher BMI z-score and higher %EC as compared to children of older mothers. Moreover, %EAR was higher among children of single mothers and it was closer to the recommended nutrition standards as compared to children of mothers with a partner. Conclusions When a child is diagnosed with any type of malnutrition, it is worth assessing various factors that might influence the nutritional status, such as child’s social background (e.g., maternal factors). Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(5):811–821
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Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL) – Methodology of the follow-up of the children at the age of 7

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Polańska K., Hanke W., Król A., Potocka A., Waszkowska M., Jacukowicz A., Gromadzińska J., Wąsowicz W., Jerzyńska J., Stelmach W., Stelmach I.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2016
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vol. 29
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issue 6
883-893
EN
Effects of environmental exposures in utero and in the first years of life on early life health and development is a growing research area with major public health implications. The main aim of this work has been to provide an overview of the next step of the Polish Mother and Child Cohort Study (REPRO_PL) covering exposure, health and neurodevelopment assessments of children at 7 years of age. Details regarding methodology of the follow-up of the children are crucial for cross-cohort collaboration and a full understanding of the future research questions. Phase III of the REPRO_PL cohort covers a follow-up of 900 children at the age of 7 years old. The questionnaire filled in by the mothers is composed of: socio-demographic, child exposure and home environment information, nutritional status and health data. In the case of 400 children, environmental (including collection of urine, saliva and buccal cells), health status and psychomotor assessments are performed. Health and development check consists of physical measurements, child health status assessment (including lung function tests, skin prick testing, an interview/examination by an allergist) and psychomotor development tests (the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and the Intelligence and Development Scales). The results of the study will become available within the next few years. Extension of the REPRO_PL cohort with examinations of children at the age of 7 years old may provide a better understanding of the relationship between environmental and lifestyle-related factors and children’s health and neurodevelopment; and may further strengthen scientific base for policies and interventions promoting healthy lifestyle. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2016;29(6):883-893
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