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X-marks: Too simple to be useful?

100%
Marquis R., Hicks T., Mazzella W. D.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
|
2018
|
vol. 49
103-110
EN
This paper presents a case illustrating the value that can be elicited from simple handwritten entries such as X-marks. An experimental study was carried out for the case needs, where X-marks were collected from a population of 52 writers and classified ac­cording to the stroke direction. To fulfil the recommendations of the ENFSI guideline on evaluative reporting in forensic science, the results of this study were used to quantita­tively assess handedness of the writer of the questioned X-mark.
2

How to answer the question of error margin in forensic signature examination with a Bayesian approach?

100%
Marquis R., Cadola L., Mazzella W. D., Hicks T.
Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego
|
2017
|
vol. 45
9-14
EN
In 2011, a new Criminal Procedure Code was adopted in Switzerland. Since then, forensic handwriting experts more frequently face challenging questions from lawyers. These additional questions especially focus on the degree of certainty regarding the con­clusions of the expert, and on the error margin of the signature analysis. The authors seek to address such issues in a scientific manner, in agreement with laws of probability. On the basis of a case, they present the likelihood ratio approach they have followed to evalu­ate their results, and a full Bayesian approach designed to explain the question of error. The questions of interest were solved with this framework and the use of numbers in a case specific way. The proposed answer aims to explain to the Court what is the probabil­ity of being wrong in case at hand. The approach followed is robust, logic and transparent and represents a practical way of addressing the error margin question.
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