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1
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褻晴の境目にて―「女絵」「男絵」の観点から『源氏物語』の絵合―

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Bednarczyk A.
Analecta Nipponica
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2011
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issue 1
113-136
EN
Eawase (‘picture contest’) in Genji Monogatari from the viewpoint of the ‘female-’ and ‘male-pictures’ A scene in Murasaki Shikibu’s Genji Monogatari in which two teams were contesting for the title of the best picture is the first account on eawase in Japanese literature. The said competition, planned as an occasional informal entertainment, was organized again as a formal event in the presence of the Emperor. It is the pictures that played a crucial role determining the status of eawase. In the present article, the author discusses the meaning of contested pictures and, focusing on the so-called ‘female-’ and ‘male-pictures’, attempts to explain their relations with the perception of the formal-informal.
2

Duchowa przemiana? O fikcji literackiej, snach i religii w „Sarashina nikki”

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Bednarczyk A.
Prace Filologiczne. Literaturoznawstwo
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2013
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issue 3(6) cz.2
243-264
EN
Sarashina nikki (Sarashina diary) is an example of nikki bungaku (memoirs/diaries) written by Sugawara no Takasue’s daughter (the real name of the author is unknown) in the Heian period (8th-12th century). Her work stands out for the description of her travels and pilgrimages, reading passion and dreams. The memoirs start with her childhood days. She remembers her joy at listening to tales and praying to the Yakushi Buddha to be able to read all of them. Then she reports her long (lasting three months) travel back to the capital with her father, an assistant governor of Kazusa. Afterwards she describes her joy at being presented with a complete text of the Genji monogatari (Tale of Genji), and her dreams to live the life described in the novel. When her life does not turn out the way she wanted, she blames it on her addiction to tales, which made her live in a fantasy world, neglecting her faith. Aside from the whirl of romance stories, the enormous number of dreams the author had had play an important role in Sarashina nikki. The world she lives in is, quite literally, a world of dreams and fiction. The author, however, is aware of this and the diary is meant to be a tale of religious conversion or spiritual metamorphosis. She eventually learns the disparity between reality and dreams and, through this, learns the truths about Buddhism. The diary, then, is meant to be a warning against the perils and temptations of the world. In the present paper, through discussion of the meaning of dreams and the role of fictional stories in life of the diary’s protagonist, the author aims to show, how these two factors have influenced her religious awakening, and, in consequence, her spiritual metamorphosis.
3
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"Dym uleciał, a otulona śniegiem równina Toribe oddaje nastrój żurawiego gaju”. O buddyjskiej idei przemijania i wątkach nekropolicznych w japońskiej literaturze wczesnego średniowiecza

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Bednarczyk A.
Porównania
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2016
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vol. 18
91-114
EN
The necropolistic threads in Japanese literature of the early medieval times have been scarcely discussed material. Although there are extant numerous accounts on someone’s dead, details concerning places of burial or cremation and descriptions of accompanying ceremonies are almost unknown. The present paper is an attempt to grasp the meaning and metaphorics of Toribe as one of few necropolistic sites that have become a motif of literary works since the Heian period (794-1192). In order to develop a possible interpretation of selected excerpts from the literary works as well as the necropolis itself, the author focused especially on its toponymic aspect. On the other hand, detailed study of Toribe motif as a topos let the author approach a few possible ways of its interpretation as a complex metaphor, but also from the point of view of its stylistic function.
PL
Wątki nekropoliczne w japońskiej literaturze wczesnego średniowiecza są tematyką do tej pory mało badaną i opisywaną. Pomimo licznych deskrypcji śmierci różnych osób, szczegóły na temat miejsc grzebania i kremacji, a także towarzyszących im ceremoniom, pozostają w dalszym ciągu słabo omówione. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą uchwycenia znaczenia i metaforyki Toribe, jako jednego z nielicznych miejsc nekropolicznych, które stało się wątkiem lub motywem utworów literackich począwszy od okresu Heian (794-1192). W tym celu autor skupił się z jednej strony na stricte toponimicznym ujęciu Toribe, umożliwiającym interpretację wybranych fragmentów literackich pod kątem rzeczywistego opisu tejże nekropolii. Natomiast szczegółowe zbadanie motywu Toribe, jako toposu, miało przybliżyć kilka możliwych ścieżek jego interpretacji, od rozbudowanej metafory, aż po jego funkcję zdobniczą.
4

O zgubnym wpływie księżyca w literaturze japońskiej VIII–XII w.

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Bednarczyk A.
Przegląd Orientalistyczny
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2013
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issue 1-2(245-246)
72-83
EN
In the Japanese court culture (8th to 12th century), the beauty of the moon was often an object of admiration and inspiration for poets. The magic of moonlit nights (tsukiyo) as ideal scenery for a tryst and amorous elation made the moon to become an inseparable element of courtly love. In this article, however, the author discusses symbolism of the moon in an entirely different meaning, namely a selenophobic aspect of its perception. Ancient Japanese literary works reveal that there existed a faith in a baneful influence of the moon, a kind of taboo forbidding people to gaze on the moon in certain circumstances. An overview and analysis of selected passages allow us to answer the question to whom and when this taboo applied and what were the consequences of breaking it.
5
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Marta Wesołowska, Muzyka i muzyczność prozy japońskiej okresu Heian (794–1192), Warszawa 2016 Oficyna Naukowa, ss. 344. ISBN 978836436374

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Bednarczyk A.
Muzyka
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2018
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vol. 63
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issue 2
129-136
6
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Kilka uwag o kotach w (nie tylko) klasycznej literaturze japońskiej na kanwie książki Anny Zalewskiej "O czarnym kocie cesarza i inne opowieści. Koty w dawnej literaturze japońskiej"

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Bednarczyk A.
Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej
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2023
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issue 23
169-179
EN
This article discusses Anna Zalewska’s book O czarnym kocie cesarza i inne opowieści. Koty w dawnej literaturze japońskiej [On the Emperor’s Black Cat and Other Tales: Cats in Old Japanese Literature] published in 2022 by the Manggha Museum of Japanese Art and Technology in Kraków. The book is probably the first publication outside of Japan that so extensively presents Japanese felinographic topics from the perspective of literary and cultural studies. This study is an anthologized monograph, which treats cats in Japan in a cross-sectional manner (historically, genologically, semantically) up to the beginning of the Meiji period. The article emphasizes that through the stories about cats included in the book, one can also learn much about the people and the times in which they lived. Many of the literary works selected show representations of the cat that we already know, but also those that we have not yet known. This certainly enriches the way we look at these animals that live so closely with humans. The critical overview of the sources undoubtedly confirms the author’s claim set out in the preface that cats appear to be relatively common in old Japanese literature.
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