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1
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Ocena konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw rolnych

100%
Kagan A.
Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician
|
2023
|
vol. 68
|
issue 4
13-34
EN
A small group of agricultural enterprises (agricultural farms) of corporate and noncorporate entities functions within the Polish agriculture. The aim of the research discussed in the article was to assess the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises under conditions of progressive changes taking place in the competition platform. The assessment was based on the results of a financial analysis. Due to the complex nature of measuring competitiveness, the research employed a model limited to determining the amount of benefits accrued by owners of agricultural enterprises and the level of the financial security of their business operations. The source of data were the 2014–2021 financial results of agricultural enterprises having a statistical reporting obligation. The data were aggregated and made available by Statistics Poland. It was found that the surveyed group is facing a systematic decline and that this trend will continue in the future. At the same time, throughout the analysed period, the surveyed agricultural enterprises as a whole were immune to changes taking place in the macroeconomic environment and only individual groups and classes distinguished on the basis of their production orientation proved sensitive to shocks occurring in the given industry. Major financial problems and lack of competitiveness were observed in orchard cultivation and pig farming.
PL
W polskim rolnictwie istnieje nieliczna zbiorowość przedsiębiorstw rolnych (gospodarstw rolnych) osób prawnych i jednostek organizacyjnych niemających osobowości prawnej. Celem badania omawianego w artykule jest ocena konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw rolnych w warunkach postępujących zmian platformy konkurencji. Oceny dokonano na podstawie wyników przeprowadzonej analizy finansowej. Z uwagi na złożoność problemu pomiaru konkurencyjności w badaniu zastosowano schemat, w którym ograniczono się do określenia wielkości korzyści uzyskiwanych przez właścicieli przedsiębiorstw rolnych i poziomu bezpieczeństwa finansowego działalności gospodarczej. Źródłem danych wykorzystanych w badaniu były udostępnione przez Główny Urząd Statystyczny zagregowane wyniki finansowe za lata 2014–2021 przedsiębiorstw rolnych zobligowanych do przekazywania sprawozdań statystycznych. Stwierdzono, że badana zbiorowość systematycznie się zmniejsza i że ta tendencja będzie się utrzymywała. Jednocześnie badane przedsiębiorstwa rolne jako całość były w analizowanym okresie odporne na zmiany zachodzące w otoczeniu makroekonomicznym, a jedynie poszczególne grupy i klasy wyodrębnione ze względu na ukierunkowanie produkcyjne okazały się wrażliwe na szoki występujące w danej branży. Duże problemy finansowe i brak konkurencyjności stwierdzono zwłaszcza w gospodarstwach sadowniczych i ukierunkowanych na chów i hodowlę świń.
2
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Pomnazanie wartosci wlascicielskiej jako funkcja celu wielkoobszarowych przedsiebiorstw rolnych

100%
Kagan A.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
|
2012
|
issue 2(321)
49-66
EN
This article discusses the results of a survey conducted among agricultural enterprises owners. Its aim was to identify the major factors determining the creation of one’s own agricultural enterprises and the direction towards which it is managed. Indirectly, it attempted to indicate a hierarchy of goals pursued by the owners of such entities when they hold the position of its managers. Based on empirical data gathered by means of a survey it has been concluded that “independence” resulting from the combination of the two functions, i.e. that of the owner and the manager, was considered the most important facet and advantage for entrepreneurs. Other highly-positioned goals in the hierarchy were those of a business (economic goal). The proposed hypothesis, stipulating that the realised objective function in the examined population was increasing the value of ownership, was not proven false. However, when investigating economic efficiency, the assessment of goal attainment, i.e. of increasing the value of ownership, should be viewed as satisfying a certain threshold condition; hence in the suboptimal category instead of the maximisation-oriented point of view.
3
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Economic efficiency of farming – lessee or owner (an attempt at assessment)

63%
Kagan A., Ziętara W.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
|
2017
|
issue 3(352)
74-91
EN
The paper presents the role and importance of land lease in structural changes in agriculture and its relations to efficiency of farming. It was demonstrated that land lease was a more efficient and cheaper method of increasing farm area (production scale) than land purchase. Research was held on selected limited liability companies using leased land (1st group) and own land (2nd group), and participating in the “Ranking 300” run by the Institute of Agricultural and Food Economics – National Research Institute between 2009 and 2014. Research results showed that farms run by lessees reached higher Return on Equity and Value Creation Index. The differences were not statistically confirmed, which meant that they were not significant. On the other hand, farms using own land have shown a higher level of financial security, as evidenced by higher values of liquidity ratios (current and quick) and cash flow-to-debt ratio. The hypothesis that “the lessee is more efficient than the owner” was not fully confirmed.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono rolę i znaczenie dzierżawy ziemi w przemianach strukturalnych w rolnictwie i jej związek z efektywnością gospodarowania. Wykazano, że dzierżawa ziemi była skuteczniejszym i tańszym sposobem zwiększania powierzchni gospodarstw (skali produkcji) niż zakup ziemi. Badania przeprowadzono na wybranych grupach spółek z o.o. użytkujących grunty dzierżawione (I grupa) i własne (II grupa), biorących udział w Rankingu 300 prowadzonym przez IER iGŻ-PIB w latach 2009-2014. Wyniki badań wskazały, że gospodarstwa prowadzone przez dzierżawców osiągały wyższą rentowność kapitałów własnych i indeksu tworzenia wartości. Różnice nie zostały jednak potwierdzone statystycznie, co oznacza, że nie były istotne. Natomiast gospodarstwa użytkujące grunty własne wykazały się wyższym poziomem bezpieczeństwa finansowego, o czym świadczą wyższe wartości wskaźników płynności (bieżącej i szybkiej) i wskaźnika pokrycia zobowiązań nadwyżką finansową. Nie została w pełni potwierdzona hipoteza, że „dzierżawca gospodaruje efektywniej niż właściciel”.
4
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Innowacje w polskich gospodarstwach rolnych, zakres ich wdrazania i znaczenie

51%
Jozwiak W., Kagan A., Mirkowska Z.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
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2012
|
issue 3(332)
3-27
EN
After the accession – as compared to the pre-accession period – Polish agriculture witnessed a growth in the volume of products produced with the resources spent under intermediate consumption. Diffusion of innovations and progress related thereto were among the significant reasons of the productivity growth. The phenomenon of growth in the volume of products produced with the resources spent under intermediate consumption overlapped with the effects of the accession, which brought, inter alia, a considerable increase in subsidies. This was the most important factor of improving the competitiveness of the Polish agriculture. If before 2004 only about 25 thousand farms showed any features pointing to competitive capabilities, in 2007 there were already 290-300 thousand farms of natural and legal persons, which demonstrated competitive capabilities or any prospects to achieve them. It is estimated that they produced 50-60% of the national value of agricultural production. The impact of innovations on the progress taking place in Polish agriculture could have been greater if there were less farms failing to implement innovations. These were mainly smaller farms, but this group also included about 1/3 of farms with an area of 8 or more ESU.
5
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Problemy obiektywizacji kryteriow dystrybucji doplat bezposrednich w UE

51%
Kagan A., Kulawik J., Plonka R., Wieliczko B.
Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej
|
2013
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issue 2(335)
3-21
EN
On the basis of the existing knowledge and statistics from Eurostat and FADN the article confirms the thesis that the diversity of farming conditions in the EU is an objective fact, and thus unequal rates of direct payments are the consequence thereof. This allows to consider such a system as a fair one, which does not undermine equal competition in the Community’s agriculture. Moreover, the paper presents different proposals of awarding direct payments based on objective criteria stressing, at the same time, that it is a very difficult task since at some point the criteria have to be weighted considering social and political terms. It was also considered to determine the rates of direct payments per a person fully employed in agriculture instead of per 1 ha. However, such a change would not improve the income situation of countries, where employment in agriculture is high in absolute and relative terms. This group includes e.g. Poland.
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