Celem artykułu jest krytyczna analiza możliwości finansowania badań młodych naukowców. Przedstawiono w nim możliwe formy wsparcia finansowego, w tym stypendia, płatne staże, dopłaty do prowadzenia prac badawczych, współpracę z przemysłem oraz środki na tworzenie innowacyjnej działalności gospodarczej. Wsparcie finansowe na realizację pomysłów naukowych przyznaje m.in. Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego, Narodowe Centrum Badań i Rozwoju, Narodowe Centrum Nauki, banki i fundusze Venture Capital. W artykule przedstawiono możliwości finansowania badań, a jednocześnie przeanalizowano wpływ różnych form wsparcia na innowacyjność i atrakcyjność technologiczną Polski. Analiza obejmuje lata 2013–2017. Artykuł składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej omówiono obecne źródła wsparcia finansowego młodych naukowców wraz z przykładami ich wykorzystywania. W części drugiej podjęto próbę oceny wpływu źródeł wsparcia dla młodych naukowców na innowacyjność polskiej gospodarki. Trzecia część stanowi próbę przedstawienia głównych problemów związanych z pozyskiwaniem finansowania na realizację pomysłów naukowych.
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The aim of the paper is to critically analyze the financial possibilities of young scientists. Possible forms of financial support, including scholarships, paid internships, subsidies for conducting research works, cooperation with the industry as well as funds for creating innovative business activity have been described. Financial support for the implementation of scientific ideas is granted, among others by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, the National Center for Research and Development, the National Science Center, banks and Venture Capital funds. The paper presents the possibilities of financing young scientists and at the same time analyzes the impact of various forms of support on the innovation and technological attractiveness of Poland. The analysis covers the years 2013–2017. The paper consists of three parts. The first part reviews the current sources of financial support for young scientists with examples of their use. In the second part, an attempt was made to include the indicative impact of sources of support for young scientists on the innovation of the Polish economy. The third part is an attempt to present the main problems related to obtaining finance for the implementation of scientific ideas.
The article shows selected practical aspects connected with appealing against a resolution on the local zoning plan and the study of conditions and directions of spatial management, on the basis of the violation of the legal interest of a claimant. The legislator limits the competences of the interested parties to appeal against a resolution on the local zoning plan and the study of condi- tions and directions of spatial management. The legal interest for bringing an action on these resolutions was shaped on the different principles than in the administrative proceedings. A subject to bring an action on the resolution in the administrative court is only the subject whose legal interests has been infringed. It means that the legitimacy for bringing an action is not due to the fact of be- longing to the self-government community. Therefore, in any case, it is necessary to show a violation of a specified legal norm. The article analyzes such issues appearing in the rulings of administrative courts as: the legitimacy of a subject who is entitled to obligation rights to the property covered by the provisions of planning acts; the legitimacy of the owner of the property which is not covered by the local plan and the showing of the violation of the legal interest in the complaint for a communal study.
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