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Rola ekologicznej oceny cyklu życia we wdrażaniu zintegrowanej polityki produktowej

100%
Nitkiewicz T.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
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2012
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issue 881
107-129
EN
The objective of the paper is to present the possibilities for using life cycle assessment methodology in the implementation of EU Integrated Product Policy, a very complex and multidimensional instrument used to measure sustainable development policy implementation. Due to this complexity, its implementation is determined by the use of various instruments and tools, one of which is life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA is strongly associated with production and product-related human activities and above all includes an assessment of its environmental impact. The core of all LCA-based research is to assess the environmental impact of a given product, service, process or organisation. In the context of Integrated Product Policy, LCA could be used in a number of activities. The possible use of LCA is presented in the paper using the example of kitchen furniture.
2

Identyfikacja presji środowiskowych w procesie garbowania skóry za pomocą ekologicznej oceny cyklu życia – studium przypadku

100%
Nitkiewicz T.
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie
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2012
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issue 886
89-107
EN
The paper presents the results of LCA use for an environmental impact assessment in leather tanning. As many studies have shown, the tanning process is one of the most burdensome for the environment from the entire life-cycle of leather products. The objective of the paper is to contribute to the worldwide knowledge base on the subject through a description and characterisation of a Polish company’s leather tanning. The assessment is done using LCA screening, and therefore employs only simple assessment procedures and standard data from the producer. LCA is preceded by a presentation of the full life-cycle of leather goods, with material, energy and emission flows all identified. The company’s particular leather tanning process and its sub-processes are described. LCA screening is done with the use of Ecological Scarcity 2006 and Eco-indicator 99(H) methodologies. As a result of the LCA study, key environmental impact is identified together with the participation of tanning sub-processes in the values derived in the impact assessment. Finally, recommendations for the company are presented in order to direct its tanning processes and technologies along more environmentally friendly pathways.
3
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A Comparative Analysis of Various Financing Methods Available to Support Innovative Activities of SMEs in Poland

63%
Latif F., Nitkiewicz T.
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Zarządzanie
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2023
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vol. 1
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issue 51
109-122
EN
Innovation plays a critical role in ensuring sustainable economic development. It is a fundamental element in the success of companies, corporations, and industries, but the process of innovation is an expensive endeavor that requires significant financial re-sources. The objective is to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of different financing tools, including government grants, bank loans, self-financing, crowd-funding, seed financing, and venture capital by analyzing case studies and results of research surveys. The first part of this research will explore the concept, types, and classification of innovation. The empirical part is based on a discussion of survey results obtained from 59 SMEs, including the factors that influence SMEs' decisions to seek financing for innovation. The research method used in this study is qualitative research in terms of applied and descriptive approaches; various resources were used including library materials, research papers, survey data, and questionnaires with entrepreneurs and business owners. The objective was to analyze obstacles and opportunities as well as the most suitable financing method required by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to support their innovation. The results show that the choice of the financing method depends on several factors, including the type and stage of innovation, the scope of the company, the particular industry, and the risk involved for both the innovator and the investor.
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