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Cardiovascular risk factors among Polish employees of uniformed services

100%
Trzeciak B. G., Kowalczyk W., Grymek S., Gutknecht P., Siebert J.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2023
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vol. 36
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issue 5
656-671
EN
Objectives Employees of uniformed services (EoUS) were screened for cardiovascular risk factors. Material and Methods A total of 1138 EoUS (age M±SD 49.9±6.0 years) and 263 controls (age M±SD 54.4±9.7 years) under the care of the cardiology clinic in Gdańsk, Poland, were included in the study. Medical history and blood samples were collected, and a physical examination was performed. Ten-year cardiovascular risk of death was calculated using the systematic coronary risk evaluation (SCORE) risk algorithm for high-risk countries. Results Significantly higher values of mean systolic and mean diastolic blood pressure, mean total cholesterol level and mean BMI were recorded among the EoUS compared to controls (M±SD 141.7±11.6 mm Hg vs. 135.5±11.0 mm Hg, p < 0.001; 90.1±5.9 mm Hg vs. 84.5±6.8 mm Hg, p < 0.001; 6.01±0.76 mmol vs. 5.44±0.87 mmol, p < 0.001; 29.3±4.7 vs. 29.0±4.1, p < 0.001, respectively). Smoking cigarettes was most frequently reported by the youngest group (20–39 years old) – 47.7% and it was significantly higher in the entire EoUS group compared to control group (35.5% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.001). The occurrence of observed risk factors (blood pressure ≥140/90 mm Hg, total cholesterol concentration >5 mmol, smoking,) was significantly higher among EoUS compared to controls (92.1% vs. 57.8%, p < 0.001; 89.0% vs. 66.9%, p < 0.001; 35.5% vs. 16.7%, p < 0.001, respectively). In the male group, the mean calculated ten-year risk of fatal cardiovascular events, the percentage of high calculated risk, and very high risk were higher in the EoUS group compared to controls (M±SD 4.44±3.49 vs. 4.23±3.86, p = 0.001; 23.7% vs. 20.2%, p = 0.007; 7.4% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.03, respectively). Conclusions The prevalence of all identified risk factors was found to be higher among employees of uniformed services when compared to the control group. The presence of these risk factors within the population of uniformed service employees results in a greater risk of mortality from cardiovascular diseases.
2
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Cardiovascular risk factors determined via the Internet in 2 periods of time: 2004–2009 and 2010–2015 in Poland

86%
Trzeciak B. G., Siebert J., Gutknecht P., Molisz A., Filipiak K. J., Wożakowska-Kapłon B.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2017
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vol. 30
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issue 3
499-510
EN
Objectives Web information systems may serve as a diagnostic tool for the Internet users and they also support the epidemiological work of doctors and health care providers. As part of this study, a system has been created for detecting and calculating cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study has been the comparison of cardiovascular risk factors and calculated fatal cardiovascular risk in 2 periods of time: 2004–2009 and 2010–2015 in Poland, as determined via the Internet. Material and Methods The “Ryzyko program” (“Risk program”) is available on the website of the Medical University of Gdańsk. To assess the cardiovascular death risk in a 10-year period, the algorithm of the SCORE (Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation) project was used and 30 402 results of the algorithm have been analyzed. Results Over 30 402 webpage visitors entered the required data and received the outcome. More than 78% of the Internet users who had entered the data, received a recommendation for medical check-up. Significant differences between the data collected in 2004– 2009 and 2010–2015 were noticed. Hypercholesterolemia prevalence (67.3% vs. 70.8%; p < 0.001), mean total cholesterol concentration in blood (5.60±1.65 mml/l vs. 5.66±1.35 mml/l; p < 0.001), prevalence of hypertension (36.6% vs. 35.3%; p = 0.039), mean systolic blood pressure (131.5±20.3 mm Hg vs. 132.6±18.0 mm Hg; p < 0.001), prevalence of declared smoking (30.7% vs. 26.5%; p < 0.001), declared diabetes mellitus (DM) (6.4% vs. 9.7%; p < 0.001), and declared coronary artery disease (CAD) (7.2% vs. 14.1%; p < 0.001), respectively. Conclusions The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors has changed during the observed period of time. Online automatic gathering of new data by “Ryzyko program” provides up-to-date observations. Int J Occup Med Environ Health 2017;30(3):499–510
3
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Cardiovascular testing of seasickness in healthy volunteers on life rafts

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Molisz A., Ryk M., Rataj M., Kołaczyńska B., Nowicka-Sauer K., Przewoźny T., Sauer M., Gutknecht P., Trzeciak B., Siebert J.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2020
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vol. 33
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issue 4
467-477
EN
ObjectivesThe role of the cardiovascular system in the development of seasickness remains uncertain.Material and MethodsOverall, 18 healthy students (10 males and 8 females) aged 18–24 years volunteered in the project, spending 2–7 h on life rafts. The cardiovascular system was examined with impedance cardiography. Susceptibility and symptoms of seasickness were evaluated by the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire Shortform (MSSQ-Short) and the Motion Sickness Assessment Questionnaire (MSAQ). The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), ranging 0–10, was used to assess nausea, dizziness and mood. The parameters were assessed at 2 time points.ResultsDifferences in the heart rate (HR), the thoracic fluid content index (TFCI), the stroke index (SI) and the Heather index (HI) before launching the life rafts and after leaving them were observed (78.6, 20.8, 55.6 and 15.9 vs. 70.1, 19.7, 60.5 and 17.9, with p-values of 0.002, <0.001, 0.003 and 0.004, respectively). Females reacted with changes in SI and HR more vividly, whereas males regulated more HI and TFCI. In addition, HR correlated significantly with the central and peripheral symptoms in MSAQ, stroke volume (SV) with peripheral and sopite-related ones, SI with overall ones, and pulse pressure with overall, gastrointestinal and central ones (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient [ρ] was –0.478, –0.711, 0.476, 0.472, 0.525, –0.476, –0.579 and –0.584, respectively). As regards MSSQ-Short, it correlated negatively with sopite-related symptoms in MSAQ (ρ= –0.486). Mood in VAS correlated significantly with gastrointestinal symptoms, SI and the cardiac index (CI) (ρ = –0.752, –0.492 and –0.489, respectively).ConclusionsIt was found that HR correlated negatively, and SV/SI correlated positively, with the severity of seasickness symptoms measured with MSAQ. Gender is probably an independent factor influencing reactions to motion. Women react with SI increase whereas men react with increased heart contractility (HI rise). Negative mood in seasickness evaluated with VAS seems to be mostly determined by gastrointestinal symptoms assessed with MSAQ and diminished cardiovascular indices (both CI and SI).
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An improvement of body surface area formulas using the 3D scanning technique

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Redlarski G., Kozieł S., Krawczuk M., Siebert J., Tałałaj M., Pałkowski A., Tojza P., Cieślikowska Z., Litzbarski L. S.
International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health
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2024
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vol. 37
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issue 2
205-219
EN
Objectives Body surface area (BSA) is one of the major parameters used in several medical fields. However, there are concerns raised about its usefulness, mostly due to the ambiguity of its estimation. Material and Methods Authors have conducted a voluntary study to investigate BSA distribution and estimation in a group of 179 adult people of various sex, age, and physique. Here, there is provided an extended analysis of the majority of known BSA formulas. Furthermore, it was supplement with a comparison with the authors' propositions of enhanced formulas coefficients for known formulas models as well as with new power models based on an increased number of anthropometric data. Results Introduction of the enhanced formulas coefficients cause a reduction of at least 30.5% in mean absolute error and 21.1% in maximum error in comparison with their known counterparts. Conclusions In the context of the analysis presented it can be stated that the development of a single universal body surface area formula, based on a small number of state variables, is not possible. Therefore, it is necessary and justified to search for new estimation models that allow for quick and accurate calculation of body surface area for the entire population, regardless of individual body variations. The new formulas presented are such an alternative, which achieves better results than the previously known methods.
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