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1
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From the Case-law of Directorate of Police in the Free City of Cracow – the Oszyk’s Case

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Cichoń P.
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
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2016
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vol. 25
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issue 3
EN
The article shows the judicial activity in the Directorate of Police of the Free City of Cracow on the example of the Oszyk’s case from 1842 – a Jewish couple who got married following Jewish rituals without performing the mandatory civil marriage. People getting married in such a way committed a crime categorized as a serious police crime. There are outlined the rules which determined the punishments for such an offense. The judicial proceedings in the Oszyk’s case are discussed. There are also highlighted other cases of similar type conducted in the Directorate of Police in 1842, 1844 and 1845.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia działalność sądowniczą Dyrekcji Policji Wolnego Miasta Krakowa na przykładzie sprawy Oszyków z 1842 r., tj. żydowskiego małżeństwa, które zawarło ślub rytualny bez wcześniejszego obowiązkowego ślubu cywilnego. Osoby zawierające takie małżeństwo popełniały przestępstwo zaliczane do kategorii ciężkich przestępstw policyjnych. W opracowaniu przedstawiono przepisy, które określały kary za tego rodzaju przestępstwo. Omówiono również przebieg postępowania sądowego w sprawie Oszyków i wskazano na inne tego typu sprawy prowadzone w Dyrekcji Policji w 1842, 1844 i 1845 r.
2
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Jubileusz Profesora Jerzego Malca

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Cichoń P.
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
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2013
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vol. 6
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issue 1
PL
Jubilee of Professor Jerzy Malec On 5th December 2012, Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University witnessed the 40-year anniversary of scholarly work of prof. dr hab. Jerzy Malec, an outstanding Cracovian legal historian, Rector of the A.F.M. Krakow University, and a long-standing associate of the Faculty of Law and Administration at the Jagiellonian University. The laudation was held by prof. dr hab. Wojciech Witkowski from Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin. Prof. dr hab. Jerzy Malec was given an anniversary book entitled Regnare – Gubernare – Administrare (edited by Stanisław Grodziski and Andrzej Dziadzio from the Jagiellonian University).
3
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Policja nad Zagranicznymi w Wolnem Mieście Krakowie

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Cichoń P.
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
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2014
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vol. 7
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issue 2
PL
Policing Foreigners in the “Free City of Cracow”The article is devoted to an analysis of a legal regulation of 5 April 1837 entitled Policing Foreigners in the Free City of Krakow and published during the period of the occupation of the Free City of Krakow by the armies of the partitioning powers. The above publication constitutes an interesting legal regulation chiefly due to the fact that in its title and content one comes across the term policing which had been used here as a synonym of authoritative activities undertaken by state authorities and also because the term introduced a far-reaching administrative control associated with foreigners and their stay on the territory of the Free City of Krakow. The model of administration adopted here was associated with the goals of a police state and served to preserve the existing system of power, based on its close dependence on the partitioning powers. The regulation entitled Policing Foreigners… constituted a collection of legal norms which defined the direction of the authoritative activity of the administration and marked out the legal boundaries of the state’s interference in the life of individual citizens for the realization of the state’s function consisting in maintaining order and public safety. Among some of the legal instruments which served to realize the above-mentioned goal and which were defined in the Regulation one could find: passport control, issuing of visas, obligation to register one’s stay, obligation to obtain a card of free stay, keeping official registers, control of foreigners’ stay in Krakow, as well as observation of suspicious individuals. Policing Foreigners… extended to two spheres of activity of police authorities: uniformed and superior police.
4
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O rządach prawa w Wolnym Mieście Krakowie uwag kilka

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Cichoń P.
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
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2012
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vol. 5
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issue 3
PL
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE RULE OF LAW AS APPLIED IN THE FREE CITY OF CRACOW The paper is concerned with the analysis of certain constitutional and legal issues in the history of the Free City of Cracow. When explored, these issues might (at least partly) support the idea that the agencies of the City functioned along the lines which were characteristics of the Rechtsstaat. What was emphasized was the fact that the legal norms binding in the Free City complied with the systemic hierarchical order and were subject to promulgation. What was also emphasized was the development of administrative law that was of two-sidedly binding force. The provisions of this law were binding not only on the citizens but also on the administrative agencies. The next thing testifying to the fact that priority was granted to law was the introduction of legal responsibility of the officials for the failure to fulfill their duties. It was also pointed out that in the Free City no external control of the administration was introduced, in particular there were no administrative court. Besides, the impact that the representatives of the protective empires had on the activities of the Free City authorities as well as the opportunism of the local political millieu, caused that the Free City could hardly be regarded as a State governed by the rule of law.
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Artykuł recenzyjny monografii Macieja Mycielskiego, Rząd Królestwa Polskiego wobec sejmików i zgromadzeń gminnych 1815–1830

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Cichoń P.
Krakowskie Studia z Historii Państwa i Prawa
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2012
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vol. 5
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issue 2
PL
THE REVIEW OF MACIEJ MYCIELSKI’S MONOGRAPH: THE POSITION ADOPTED BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE KINGDOM OF POLAND TOWARD THE SEYMIKS AND THE COMMUNE’S ASSEMBLIES, 1815–1830, FIRST EDITION, WYDAWNICTWA UNIWERSYTETU WARSZAWSKIEGO, WARSZAWA 2010, PP. 315 The monograph produced by M. Mycielski discusses the policy pursued by the government of the Kingdom of Poland toward the Seymiks and commune assemblies and toward the elections to the Chamber of Deputies and the Voivodship Councils that were carried out in the Seymiks and commune assemblies in 1817-1830. The monograph shows the authentic functioning of the electoral assemblies, thereby proving that the Polish nation regarded the State as their own institution and that the electoral assemblies secured the sense of national sovereignty. The first chapter presents the administrative provisions that were of binding force in the 1820s. The chapter discusses also their origin as well as those of their versions that were rejected. It points to the entire bills that never came into force. The next chapter tries to show how numerous the electoral assemblies were. The third chapter, in its turn, analyses the governmental activities in the area of electoral practices and the problems arising from them. In this chapter there were discussed inter alia the right to vote, the method of proposing the candidates, casting and counting the votes, locations for holdingg the electoral assemblies, organizing feasts, drawing up the lists of candidates for the respective posts, and also nullifying the incorrectly held Seymiks and electoral assemblies. The fourth chapter was designed to characterize the direct involvement of the authorities in the electoral struggle. The latter tended toward eliminating the candidates of the opposition and promoting those that were supported by the authorities, the candidates for the members of the House of Deputies and those for the Voivodship Councils being at stake. The author of the monograph tried also to demonstrate the effectiveness of the described activities and show the causes of success or failure of administration in this area
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Wpływy francuskie w administracji Księstwa Warszawskiego

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Cichoń P.
Prace Historyczne
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2013
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vol. 140
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issue 1
PL
French Influences in the Administration of the Warsaw Duchy French influences in the administration of the Warsaw Duchy revealed themselves chiefly in the legal and constitutional order. They concerned the organizational principles applied in the administration, the conception of the organization of the central government, the appointment of the Ministers Council, the Council of State, the two-instance administrative legislature and other forms of control, as well as the shape of the territorial administration. In practice this boiled down exclusively to an adaptation of the French model of administration through adjusting it to the political and social conditions of the Duchy. Consequently, the reception of the French solutions had a superficial character and was in fact limited to the adoption of their external systemic forms. The model of the French administration was also modifi ed by taking into consideration Polish political traditions. In reality efforts were made to attain a compromise, in the effect of which an autonomous, Polish administrative system with clear links to the French model had been created. According to the main assumption of its authors, the system in question was to ascertain the speed, flexibility and uniformity of operation of the entire administrative state apparatus.
7
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Zmiany prawnoustrojowe w „napoleońskim” Krakowie w latach 1809–1815

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Cichoń P.
Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego
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2021
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vol. XXIV
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issue 24
31-48
EN
The article presents the systemic and legal changes introduced in Kraków during its affiliation to the Duchy of Warsaw (1809–1815). At that time, Kraków belonged to the “Napoleonic” Europe. The article describes changes in the official name, status and administrative division of Kraków, changes in the administration and judiciary, which also directly affected Kraków, and resulted from the introduction of legal solutions in the Duchy of Warsaw, based on French standards. The legal status of the Jewish population living in Kraków at that time was also presented. At the end, the legal, political and social consequences of Kraków’s membership in the Duchy of Warsaw were indicated.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje zmiany prawnoustrojowe, jakie wprowadzono w Krakowie w okresie jego przynależności do Księstwa Warszawskiego (1809–1815). W tym czasie Kraków należał do „napoleońskiej” Europy. W artykule opisano zmiany urzędowej nazwy, statusu i podziału administracyjnego Krakowa, zmiany w administracji i sądownictwie, które bezpośrednio dotyczyły też Krakowa, a wynikały z wprowadzania w nim rozwiązań prawnych obowiązujących w Księstwie Warszawskim, opartych na wzorcach francuskich. Przedstawiono też status prawny ludności żydowskiej zamieszkującej w tym okresie w Krakowie. W zakończeniu wskazano na konsekwencje prawne, polityczne i społeczne przynależności Krakowa do Księstwa Warszawskiego.
8
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Concepts of local government in the Polish constitutions of the interwar period (1918–1939)

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Cichoń P.
Studia z Dziejów Państwa i Prawa Polskiego
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2022
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vol. XXV
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issue 25
139-158
PL
Artykuł przedstawia w ogólnym zarysie koncepcje samorządu terytorialnego oparte na przepisach Konstytucji Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z 17 marca 1921 r. (konstytucji marcowej) oraz Ustawy konstytucyjnej z 23 kwietnia 1935 r. (konstytucji kwietniowej). W pierwszej kolejności przedstawiono założenia ustrojowe konstytucji marcowej odnoszące się do samorządu terytorialnego, a następnie ukazano jej wpływ na kształtowanie się tego samorządu w II RP. Opisano wyzwania i trudności towarzyszące próbom uchwalenia ustaw samorządowych zgodnych z duchem konstytucji marcowej. Wskazano na podstawy prawne organizacji i działalności samorządu terytorialnego w Polsce w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym (1918–1939). Zwrócono również uwagę na zmiany w podejściu rządzących do roli samorządu terytorialnego, które nastąpiły po zamachu majowym w 1926 r. i zostały wprowadzone w ustawie z dnia 23 marca 1933 r. o częściowej zmianie ustroju samorządu terytorialnego. Następnie przedstawiono pozycję prawną samorządu terytorialnego w konstytucji kwietniowej. Wskazano też idee, które legły u podstaw tworzenia konstytucyjnych koncepcji samorządu terytorialnego i to, w jaki sposób zostały uzewnętrznione w konkretnych warunkach politycznych. W artykule dokonano także analizy porównawczej koncepcji samorządu terytorialnego wynikających z ww. konstytucji.
EN
The article outlines concepts of local government based on the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 17 March 1921 (the March Constitution) and the Constitutional Act of 23 April 1935 (the April Constitution). In the first place, the assumptions of the March Constitution concerning the political system in relation to local government are presented, and then its influence on the formation of this local government in the Second Polish Republic is shown. The author outlines challenges and difficulties accompanying the attempts to adopt statutes on local government in line with the spirit of the March Constitution and outlines the legal basis for the organisation and activity of local government in Poland during the interwar period (1918–1939). Attention is also drawn to the changes in the approach of those in power to the role of local government which followed the May Coup in 1926 and were introduced in the Act of 23 March 1933 on the Partial Change of the Local Government System. The author also presents the legal position of local government in the April Constitution and indicates the ideas that underlay the creation of constitutional concepts of local government and how they were externalised in the specific political conditions. The article also provides a comparative analysis of the concept of local government resulting from the Constitutions mentioned above.
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Dwa doktoraty honoris causa dla profesora Jerzego Malca

63%
Cichoń P.
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne
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2018
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vol. 70
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issue 2
449-450
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