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EN
The article contains an analysis of experiences and emotions from the 1967–1968 period described in the memoirs of two Jewish inhabitants of Wrocław. Their notes present the reaction to the Israeli victory in Six-Day War and subsequent experiences related to communist propaganda, reaction of the society, dislike they sensed, and finally the anti-Semitic campaign in March 1968.
EN
The experiences of Jewish emigrants from Poland after World War II can be categorised according to the appropriate migratory waves occurring following significant historical events. An example of this is the Gomułka Aliyah of the years 1956 to 1960 and emigration after the events of March 1968. This text concerns the narration of witnesses to history – Polish Jews – who left the country during one of these two waves and who settled permanently in Israel. Based on their oral history narratives, I describe their biographical trajectories, including points touching upon the narrative and the relationship of the interlocutors to Poland, as expressed in their memory of “their first homeland”, their cultural roots and their current activities connected with Poland. The declarations resulting from the narratives highlight the duality of the identity of witnesses to history: their identification with Jewishness and Polishness. However, the image of Poland, often sentimental and nostalgic, is firmly rooted in their experiences of their time in the country, both positive (personal relationships, places) and negative (antisemitism). This image is also influenced by contemporary events and visits to Poland.
PL
Doświadczenia żydowskich emigrantów z Polski po II wojnie światowej można przyporządkować odpowiednim falom migracyjnym, następującym po istotnych wydarzeniach historycznych. Przykładem tego jest alija gomułkowska z lat 1956–1960 oraz emigracja po wydarzeniach Marca 1968 r. Niniejszy tekst dotyczy narracji świadków historii – polskich Żydów, którzy opuści kraj w jednej z tych dwóch fal i osiadli na stałe w Izraelu. W oparciu o relacje historii mówionej odtwarzam ich trajektorie biograficzne, w tym punkty styczne narracji oraz stosunek rozmówców do Polski, wyrażający się w pamięci o „pierwszej ojczyźnie”, kulturowym zakorzenieniu oraz obecnej aktywności wobec Polski. Wynikające z narracji deklaracje uwypuklają dwoistość tożsamości świadków historii, ich identyfikacje z żydowskością oraz polskością. Natomiast obraz Polski, często sentymentalny i nostalgiczny, jest mocno zakorzeniony w doświadczeniach z okresu pobytu w kraju, zarówno tych pozytywnych (relacje międzyludzkie, miejsca), jak i negatywnych (antysemityzm). Wpływają na niego również współczesne wydarzenia oraz podróże do Polski.
EN
Sister Agnieszka is a Carmelite nun, who came to Iceland in 1984 together with few other nuns from Poland to create the one and only Catholic monastery on the Protestant island. In her account sister Agnieszka tells the details about the circumstances of her arrival to somehow "exotic” Iceland and her everyday life in the monastery in Hafnarfjoróur on the background of the changing mentality of the inhabitants of the island. She gives a lot of attention to the large group of Polish migrants who came to Iceland during last two decades mostly to work in the fish industry and the Icelandic and Protestant surroundings of the monastery. Sister Agnieszka repeatedly emphasizes the great friendliness and goodwill that sister get from the Icelanders.
EN
The account presents the fortunes of Amalia Reisenthel, born just after the end of World War II in Wrocław into a family who had survived the Holocaust. Her biographical story addresses issues concerning the origins and fate of her parents during war, life in an assimilated Jewish family, experiences of anti-Semitism, studies and the events of 1968. The key section of the narrative is the relation of her departure from Poland as part of the “post-March” emigration and also her later return visits to the country in the 1980s and 1990s. During the interview, topics connected with identity and the attitude of the witness to history to Poland were also discussed, including her contacts with Polish culture and language.
PL
Amalia Reisenthel urodziła się i wychowała we Wrocławiu na Dolnym Śląsku. Po wydarzeniach marcowych 1968 r., podobnie jak jej rodzina, podjęła decyzję o wyjeździe z kraju. Osiadła na stałe w Niemczech, a po wielu latach przeniosła się do Izraela, gdzie mieszka do dziś. Jej relacja ma charakter biograficzny. Zawiera wiele informacji o życiu rodziny, zwłaszcza rodziców – ocalałych z Zagłady, w tym prób budowy „nowego życia” w Polsce po 1945 r. Materiał jest także wartościowym źródłem przedstawiającym konsekwencje Marca w życiu żydowskim na przykładzie jednostki. Zawiera również wiele informacji o obecności kategorii polskości w życiu emigrantów, w tym o powrotach do Polski już po 1989 r.
EN
Jan Piotr Dekowski (1907–1988) was an ethnologist, folklorist, historian associated with Archaeological and Ethnological Museum in Łódź and many other institutions. During his curios and vivid life he conducted lots of interesting researches and wrote many articles and book related to material culture of Łódź voivodeship. After his death the collection of works was hand over to the Scientific Archive of Polish Ethnological Society in Wrocław. This article try to show the most important elements of Dekowski’s documents, which were worked out and made accessible for readers at the end of 2016. The description of significant parts of collection can be called as initial inventory, a helpful tool for all researchers, potential readers of collection, interested in such subjects as: folks attires, peasant nourishment or traditional customs.
PL
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PL
"Od miesiąca maja 1967 r. rozpocząłem systematycznie słuchać audycji Radia Wolna Europa, a nieraz i BBC. Audycje te były zagłuszane w Polsce, tym niemniej przy odpowiednim manipulowaniu gałką aparatu można było wysłuchać większości wiadomościpodawanych przez te radiostacje. Do celu słuchania radia wyznaczyłem w mieszkaniu pokój środkowy, niegraniczący ze ścianami sąsiedniego mieszkania. Wprawdzie nasi sąsiedzi również słuchali audycji tych radiostacji, ale nie musieli wiedzieć, że i ja to robię.Aparat radiowy stał na podłodze na materacu. Nad nim stał stół. Również dwa boki stołu były obłożone materacami, by głos z radia nie przedostał się w niepożądane uszy. Normalnie nie miałem co wieczór możliwości wysłuchania zagranicznych radiostacji [...]".
EN
The article presents a fragment of memoirs of Klemens Nussbaum, former officer of Polish People’s Army (ludowe Wojsko Polskie), who fled Poland in 1969. His relation was written down after some years of living in Israel and deposited in one of archives in Tel Aviv. It bears witness to his military service, Polish–Jewish relations and the change in author’s attitude to Poland. It contains statements about experiencing anti-Semitism and about life in the Stalinist period.
EN
Leszek Wisłocki is a famous music theorist and composer. For many years he has been a Professor at the Academy of Music in Wrocław. However, before he started working for the Academy, he spent some time living in Jelenia Góra, where for 4 years he attended the Stefan Żeromski Co-educational Gymnasium and Grammar School. These school years are the subject of Wisłocki’s account. It is a detailed description of Professor’s pre-war life, as well as his and his family’s war experience, and in particular of his father’s military service. Wisłocki clearly explains the reasons for his family coming to Lower Silesia and settling in Jelenia Góra. Equally clearly Wisłocki recalls his teachers, school friends and important events which influenced the school life as well as the life of the local society, such as existence of the underground independence movement in 1949. He tells anecdotes about excursions to the mountains or his first performances as a musician staged at school. Wisłocki underlines the importance of this first, post-war period – not only for him, but also for his friends who later, having graduated from grammar school, went on to become professors or achieved other socially significant posts. Finally, Professors pays a lot of attention to returns and school relations – still vivid and close after more than seven decades. Annual school reunions and extensive correspondence exchanged by the ex-pupils serves as a proof that the short period of education, which lasted only 4 years, had a great impact on the life of this generation.
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