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EN
In the light of common doubts concerning efficient functioning of cereal farms with poor soil, the article attempts to assess their production potential, organisation of production, economic viability and environmental efficiency, as well as development opportunities. The division was made in three groups of cereal farms, selected by size of the cumulative point relative goodness indicator, that in 2005-2010 kept accounts for the Polish FADN. The first group included developing farms that obtained 449-518 points, the second group included problem farms (282-310 points), and the third group consisted in declining farms (207-234 points). The division was made in accordance with the Ward clustering method and k-means method, as well as the Statistica 8.0 programme. The results of the analysis may confirm the hypothesis that there are farms with poor soil where the poor quality of soil does not exclude efficient functioning and implementation of the long-term objective, i.e. not only existence but also development.
PL
Europejska Wspólnota Gospodarcza, a następnie Unia Europejska zwróciła dość wcześnie uwagę na problem zapobiegania i zwalczania prania pieniędzy i finansowania terroryzmu. Miało to miejsce już w 1991 r., kiedy to EWG wydała tzw. pierwszą dyrektywę unijną w sprawie prania pieniędzy. W 2001 i 2005 nastąpiła konieczność dalszego uregulowania tej tematyki w kolejnych dyrektywach unijnych. W niniejszym opracowaniu omówiono obszerny projekt tzw. czwartej dyrektywy unijnej z 2013 r., poświęconej zapobieganiu i zwalczaniu prania pieniędzy i finansowania terroryzmu, która jest regulacją podchodzącą do tej tematyki najbardziej wielopłaszczyznowo. W pracach nad tą ostatnią oparto się na nowo wydanych 40 zaleceniach FATF z 2012 r.
EN
The problem of combating money laundering was early recognized by the European Union. In 1991 the EU 1st Money Laundering Directive was published. Next, in 2001 and 2005 it was necessary to regulate this problem in details. The central goal of this paper is to analyse the EU 4th Money Laundering Directive connected to combating of money laundering and terrorist financing from different points of view. It is important that this directive is based on the 40 FATF Recommendations of 16 February 2012.
EN
This analysis features an assessment of the Gross Value Added on the holdings covered by a measure entitled “Setting up of young farmers” (Measure 112) or “Modernisation of agricultural holdings” (Measure 121), including its growth in 2009 and 2010, and a projection on its further growth in 2013. In every case, the calculations were made using fixed prices. The study was based on Polish FADN data. For the purposes of the analysis, two panel groups were distinguished among farms keeping accounts continuously in the years 2008, 2009, and 2010. The first group comprised agricultural holdings benefitting only from Measure 112 or only from Measure 121. The second group, on the other hand, included farm owners eligible for support under Measures 112 or 121, who did not receive support in 2008. It has been established that the holdings benefitting in 2008 from Measure 112 or Measure 121 were characterised by greater production potential and a significant increase in GVA than the other farms.
EN
The article presents the findings on the effectiveness and competitiveness of Polish crop-oriented farms in comparison with corresponding farms in Hungary and Germany. The basis for the study was crop-oriented farms: those producing cereal and those producing other crops, under the FADN system between 2006 and 2008 by economic size units 2-4; 4-8; 8-16; 16-40; 40-100, and above 100 ESU. German farms were represented by units over 16 ESU. Polish and Hungarian holdings were similar in size and markedly larger than those in Germany, where a higher level of production intensification was observed, along with greater land productivity, measured in crop volume and production value per 1 ha of arable land, and higher work efficiency with lower asset productivity and lower management income at the same time. According to the cumulative evaluation index Polish cereal farms classified 4-100 ESU proved competitive in relation to the equivalent farms in other EU Member States.
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