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Jak się rozwijała polska andragogika?

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EN
This paper is a slightly expanded version of a talk I gave at a seminar which was held to celebrate the 80th birthday of Professor Tadeusz Aleksander. In my argument, I trace the beginnings of andragogy in Poland by discussing the research pursuits of adult education scholars who founded andragogy as a discipline distinct from pedagogy, and I attempt to define the role of Prof. Aleksander in this process. At the same time, I examine Professor Henryk Bedarczyk’s contribution to the development of andragogy
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O andragogu

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PL
Ministerstwo Pracy i Polityki Społecznej na potrzeby rynku pracy zleca przygotowanie informacji o poszczególnych zawodach. W ar- tykule przedstawiam uwagi, jakie mi się nasunęły po przestudiowaniu publikacji INFORMACJA O ZAWODZIE Andragog (235101), która powstała w ramach projektu Rozwijanie, uzupełnianie i aktualizacja informacji o zawodach oraz jej upowszechnianie za pomocą nowoczesnych narzędzi komunikacji – INFODORADCA+, a została współfinansowana ze środków Unii Europejskiej w ramach Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego (zob. strona internetowa projektu INFODORADCA+. Pobrane z: http://www.infodorad- ca.edu.pl/pdf/235101_Andragog.pdf (Dostęp: 21.08.2021). W tym opracowaniu – zauważyłem wiele uchybień, które szczegółowo przedstawiam w tekście pod powyższym tytułem.
EN
The Ministry of Labour and Social Policy commissions the preparation of information about particular professions for the needs of the labour market. In this article, I would like to present some remarks that have come to my mind after studying the publication INFORMATION ABOUT PROFESSION Andragogue (235101) which was created as a part of the project entitled Developing, supplementing and updating information about occupations and its dissemination using modern communication tools – INFODORADCA +, and was co-financed by the European Union through the European Social Fund (go to INFODORADCA+. Downloaded from: http://www.infodoradca.edu.pl/pdf/235101_Andragog.pdf (Access: 21.08.2021)). In this study – 21 pages long – I noticed many shortcomings, which I present in detail in the text under the above title.
EN
In the paper a typology of counselors is discussed , that consist of three types: conservatist, harmful anachronistic activist and caring protector. Each of them has specific traits in counseling practice. Despite the type, the author underlines a necessity of good actual knowledge about the labour market to fulfill their tasks effectively. He enumerates categories of employees that are most wanted: craftsman, highly educated specialists, non-qualified physical workers, businessmen, protectors and multifunctional workers.
PL
W artykule przedstawiam trudności, jakie przeżywałem kilkanaście lat temu i przeżywam obecnie, związane z prowadzeniem zajęć z andragogiki. Je- stem przekonany, że z podobnymi kłopotami, dylematami i pojawiającymi się po- kusami dotyczącymi treści zajęć, sposobów ich przekazów spotykają się obecnie również inni andragodzy – nauczyciele akademiccy. Owo przekonanie zrodziło się po przestudiowaniu kilkunastu kart tego przedmiotu zamieszczonych w USOS-ach poszczególnych uczelni. Z lektury zapisów w kartach przedmiotu wynika, że wiele Koleżanek i wielu Kolegów przeżywa nie tylko trudności, jak prowadzić ten przed- miot, ale również jak go opisać w KRK.
EN
In the article I discuss the challenges I have faced while teaching andragogy courses at the university level over the last two decades. I believe that similar problems, dilemmas and temptations related to the coursework content and instruction modes are now being experienced also by other adult education professionals – university teachers. My position was formed by a study of several andragogy course descriptions from the USOS databases of various universities. The course descriptions imply that many of my colleagues – lecturers in andragogy – find it difficult not only to teach the subject but also to adequately describe it according to the National Qualifications Framework terms.
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PL
W artykule przedstawiono hipotetyczne uzasadnienie tezy, że andragodzy ulegają dwóm mitom. Pierwszy polega na przekonaniu, że całożyciowe uczenie się jest konieczne, wręcz nieodzowne, by każdy człowiek (podkreślenie – każdy) mógł żyć w dzisiejszym, szybko zmieniającym się świecie. Jak się okazuje, można w tym świecie żyć, i to zupełnie nieźle, nie ucząc się. Wystarczy bowiem niemal mechanicznie wykonywać określone czynności lub raz nabyć umiejętność stosowania się do określonych instrukcji. Drugim mitem jest wiara w to, że podejmowanie przez człowieka dorosłego trudu uczenia się zarówno formalnego, jak i nieformalnego – odbywa się bez ponoszenia osobistych kosztów.
EN
In this article, I make a hypothetical case that andragogues are prone to yield to two myths. One of them involves the belief that lifelong learning is necessary, requisite in fact, for each human being to be at all able to live in today’s fast-changing world. The truth is, however, that one can quite comfortably live in this world without learning as long as one almost mechanically performs a particular set of activities or has acquired the ability to follow particular instructions. The other myth consists in professing that adults’ efforts to continue either formal or informal learning do not entail any personal costs.
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PL
W artykule dokonano krytycznego przeglądu stanowisk dotyczących samokształcenia w Polsce w okresie powojennym. W konkluzji Autor stawia hipotezę o istnieniu dwóch typów osób uprawiających samokształcenie. Jeden z nich to ludzie, którzy podejmują trud samokształceniowy w celu upodobnienia się do określonego wzoru – są tzw. „zewnątrzsterownymi”, i ludzie, podejmujący doskonalenie siebie (we wszystkich stronach własnej osobowości), aby sprawnie wykonywać zadania, które stawia przed nimi życie („wewnątrzsterowni”).
EN
The paper presents a critical review of the positions on self-education in Poland after World War II. In conclusion, the author hypothesizes that there exist two types of people engaged in self-education. One type is applied to those who commit themselves to self-education in order to become similar to specific pattern and those people are referred to as “other-directed”; another one refers to people taking self improvement (in all sides of their own personality) to efficiently perform tasks that life puts in front of them (inner-directed).
PL
Zmiany, jakie zaszły w traktowaniu pracy, znalazły oddźwięk w pojmowaniu roli czasu wolnego. Zaprezentowane rozważania mają na celu zwrócenie uwagi, że człowiek współczesny, kierujący się dążeniem by mieć, by być, a zwłaszcza by zaistnieć, może różnorodnie realizować się w tych dwóch obszarach rzeczywistości, jakimi są: wykonywanie pracy i spędzanie czasu wolnego.
EN
The changes that occurred to the way work is treated have been reflected in the way free time is understood. The paper’s aim was to daw attention to the fact that a contemporary person, driven by the wish to possess, to exist and, foremost to be, may realise themselves in various ways within the two aspects of reality, namely: doing their work and spending their free time.
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Jubileusz Olgi Czerniawskiej

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EN
On the 12 of April 2010, the day of Professor Olga Czerniawska's birthday, special seminar concerning her academic activity was held at the Scientific Society of Lódz. Professor Olga Czerniawska is outstanding humanist, representative of academic environment of Lódz. She perfectly joins in Her life roles of academic, expert, pedagogue, educational and social activist, teacher. It is approved by long academic work, achievements in research, the character of Her social activity and effects of educational work. After graduation from history at University of Lódz in 1952 She started to work as history instructor at the Youth Cultural Center and as a teacher at high school for adults. At the same time She was working part-time for University of Lódz and the Polish Academy of Science, starting Her academic activity. From 1962 to 1979 She was participant of seminar on social education leaded by Professor Aleksander Kaminski. Under Professor Kaminski's direction She wrote Ph.D. thesis 'Adult education and family', that She defended in 1968. Formally She started to work at the University of Lódz in 1972 and 6 years later She earned habilitation on the basis of publication 'Counseling as support for educational environment'. From 1981 She was chief of the Adult Education Division and later chief of the Theory of Education Chair and Adult Education Division at the Department of Education (the University of Lódz). In 1996 President of the Republic of Poland bestowed Her Professor's title. In research She is aimed at problems of adult education and its place in theory of andragogy. She is a pioneer of biographical research in Polish andragogy. She has also developed comparative andragogy through many years of co-operation with Germany, Switzerland, Italy and France, resulting in international conferences, translations of foreign publications (e.g. E. Gelpi, P. Dominice) and common publications. Very important part of Her interests is gerontology, that is enriched by Her international contacts, activity in different bodies and personal experience. After getting retired Professor Olga Czerniawska is still active as academic at the Humanistic and Economic Academy of Lódz. She is still full of creativity, passion and engagement, starting new projects. She wrote over 200 publications, among those 9 author's books. Many times She was rewarded for Her academic and educational activity. Professor Olga Czerniawska is mistress, for young academic staff - unprecedented example of academic in gaining new areas of research and passion. In this volume of the Andragogy Yearbook we publish report from Professor Czerniawska's Jubilee, Her curriculum vitae, lists of publications and speeches of Her pupils, colleagues and co-workers: Elzbieta Woznicka, Boguslaw Sliwerski, Jozef Kargul, Barbara Juras-Krawczyk, Kazimierz Zawadzki, Joanna Stelmaszczyk, Katarzyna Wypiorczyk-Przygoda.
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