This article presents an occupational risk management model of the possible causes of occupational burnout in teachers, and their connection with the psychological and social factors present in the teaching environment. The described risk-management model was assessed empirically on the basis of the example of occupational burnout in safety education teachers. The importance of occupational risk-management was stressed in terms of its role in identifying the causes and results of occupational risks in the working environment, as well as the promotion and development of measures aimed at reducing such risks.
Understanding OHS problems that take into account its various types and dimensions, as well as detailed interpretations of various factors determining this type of safety, requires systematic modernization of programs and forms of training for Health and Safety employees so that they can fulfil their tasks and contribute to the improvement of the OHS level in their organization. Social competences are indispensable in their work. Research problems have been given the form of questions: 1) What should the scope of social competences used be and what would be the most useful in practice for people working in the Health and Safety Service? 2) What strategy for modernizing educational programs should be adopted so that the results of education of students in the field of social competences satisfy the organizational needs related to shaping safe and hygienic working conditions?
Terrorism, despite the lack of a clear definition, it is an “unmistakable phenomenon”, and therefore easy to identify. The sources of terrorist actions can be found in ideologies and religions, as well as in various socio-economic, historical-political, sociological, and psychological factors. Terrorists are guided by various motivations and utilize different strategies to carry their acts but for all strategies fear manipulation is a common element. Over the years, the structure of terrorist groups has undergone radical changes, but the means and methods of their actions have not changed. The implementation of tasks set by terrorist groups requires money. This is the most important reason why terrorists cooperate with organized crime groups. This cooperation usually takes the form of partnership, immanent or subordination. It has contributed to the fact that terrorism and organized crime have become one of the biggest threats to the security of states and societies nowadays.
PL
Terroryzm, mimo braku jednoznacznej definicji, jest zjawiskiem nie do pomylenia z żadnym innym, a więc łatwym do identyfikacji. Źródeł działań terrorystów należy upatrywać w ideologiach i religiach, a także w różnorakich uwarunkowaniach społeczno-ekonomicznych, historyczno-politycznych, socjologicznych i psychologicznych. Terroryści kierują się różnymi motywacjami, stosują też różne strategie działania, w których wspólnym elementem jest manipulacja strachem. Na przestrzeni lat radykalnej zmianie uległa struktura grup terrorystycznych, nie zmieniły się natomiast środki i metody ich działania. Realizacja zadań wyznaczanych przez grupy terrorystyczne wymaga środków finansowych. Jest to najważniejszy powód, dla którego terroryści podejmują współpracę z grupami parającymi się przestępczością zorganizowaną. Współpraca ta ma zwykle charakter albo partnerski, albo immanentny, albo podporządkowania i przyczyniła się do tego, że terroryzm i przestępczość zorganizowana stały się współcześnie jednymi z największych zagrożeń bezpieczeństwa państw i społeczeństw.
The military forces usually conjure up the image of soldiers who serve in a given country, or those who carry out their duties in peacekeeping missions. They are frequently in the spotlight during their stay in the area of their operations and the performance of their duties. The memories of them and of any of the possible problems that they may encounter usually fade away once they have gone back to their country, or once they have returned to their parent unit. Interestingly, this rule also applies to other members of the military personnel. Service in the army, which frequently implies exposure to atrocities and ongoing hostilities, undoubtedly leaves its mark on people’s physical and mental health, and it can also have a major impact on the lives of professional soldiers and their families. Paradoxically, the level of stress experienced increases as the sense of a real threat goes down. Being a soldier is one of those professions in which exposure to stress is high, and there is a major risk of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), especially in those members of the armed forces who have taken part in foreign missions. This paper looks at the historical background of the phenomenon, its symptoms, its methods of diagnosis, as well as the entire system of monitoring, supporting and treating post-traumatic stress in the Polish Armed Forces. Such a study has been possible thanks to a thorough analysis of the applicable pieces of legislation, backed by an insight into a series guidelines, orders and dispositions given at all levels of command and supervision in the army.
Undoubtedly, serving as a police officer is associated with a high level of occupational stress. The stressfulness of this profession, which keeps increasing every year, results from several reasons, of which the most important ones include frequent participation in difficult and sometimes dramatic situations, endangering one’s own life and the lives of others, making quick decisions, bearing the burden of a potentially unjustified use of weapons, and exposure to trauma and other traumatic experiences of other people. The high level of stress related to the profession of a police officer is also associated with other factors, such as low wages, shifts, or paperwork. This paper looks at the notion and consequences of burnout among police officers on the example of the Krakow Constabulary. The study rests on a detailed survey of 110 officers based on the application of the ANOVA method of analysis of variance.
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