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Kazus Alecka Bourne’a a konstytucyjne zasady ochrony życia i zdrowia

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Szudejko P.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
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2021
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vol. 2
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issue 34
87-105
EN
The article presents the case of Dr. Aleck Bourne, which the author proposes to include in the catalog of borderline cases constituting the basis for in-depth discussions on ethical and legal aspects of human life with regard to the development of biology and medicine. The starting point is the presentation of the worldwide models for regulating the practice of abortion as well as the Polish regulation, together with a discussion on the role of the Constitutional Tribunal in shaping current legal provisions. The author notes that the interpretation of the right to life adopted by the Tribunal encourages the repeal of the indication model and the introduction of a complete ban on abortion, which will have significant consequences for ordinary legislation. Apart from describing the facts in the Bourne case, the strategy adopted by the defense and the sentence itself, the possible further areas of considerations regarding the limits of permissibility of termination of pregnancy have been signaled. Then, the conclusions resulting from legal analysis of the case were transferred to the exegesis of the constitutional principles of the right to life and the right to healthcare. Their constitutional form, interpretation resulting from the rulings of the Constitutional Tribunal and the ordinary legislation have been presented. The author indicates the main terminological deficiencies identified in this respect: the lack of any definition of the beginning of a human being, the existence of two separate criteria for determining death, which could lead to different results and the lack of an unambiguous definition of disease adopted by the legislator. Based on the concepts presented in the case, the right to healthcare has been defined as a legal right resulting from the right to life. The final thesis is that there are no grounds for hierarchizing these rights, as they are intertwined in content and function.
2
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Przerywanie ciąży – rozważania w świetle orzeczenia Trybunału Konstytucyjnego w sprawie K 1/20

100%
Szudejko P.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
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2022
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issue 1 (37)
61-83
EN
The article presents the issues of legal regulation of termination of pregnancy in the context of the jurisprudence of the Constitutional Court (CC), in particular the ruling in the case K 1/20.The discussion opens with an analysis of models of abortion practices regulations, as well as the solutions adopted in the Polish legal system, with a short historical introduction. It is emphasized how important is the issue, which results from the fundamental differences in worldviews between the supporters and opponents of the permissibility of the practice of termination of pregnancy, which is expressed in the name given to this medical practice.The right to life as an element of the human rights system is discussed, both in terms of international law and the provisions of the Polish constitution.Next, the Polish provisions on the admissibility of termination of pregnancy are presented along with a historical outline, with particular emphasis on the ruling in the case K 26/96. Based on the above discussion, the resolution in the case K 1/20 was discussed, in which the CC found the so-called embryopathological premise for termination of pregnancy to be incompatible with Polish Constitution. A polemic with the justification of the decision is presented, including the errors of interpreta-tion committed by the CC with regard to the constitutional and international form of the right to the protection of life. It is indicated that in the Polish legal system only the right to protection of life exists, not the right to life, which is referred to both by the CC and most of the doctrine.Despite the fact that this resolution does not remove the norm from the legal system, the author draws attention to the practical consequences of issuing it, in particular the occurrence of the so-called ‘chilling effect’ and unjustified activity of the law enforcement authorities.The final part of the article presents conclusions on how to legally regulate the termination of pregnancy.
3
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Wybrane wątki transhumanistyczne w „Diunie” Franka Herberta

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Szudejko P.
Ad Astra. Program badań nad astropolityką i prawem kosmicznym
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2024
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issue 11
46-56
EN
The article presents the selected transhumanist themes, as referred to in Frank Herbert’s “Dune”, as well as in the movie, directed by D. Villeneuve. In particular, the three groups are analysed: Bene Geserit sisters, Spacing Guild navigators and mentats. It is argued that the process of their directed evolution and training is in fact a transhumanist practice, with its peak representation in Leto II’s transformation in a human-worm hybrid. In the further part of the paper, an admissibility of these practices in light of basic human rights, adopted in Universal Declaration of Human Rights is carried out. The final conclusion is that Dune can be perceived as a warning to the bioengineers and legislators against unchecked progress in genetics.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wybrane wątki transhumanistyczne, do których na- wiązano w „Diunie” Franka Herberta, a także w filmie w reżyserii D. Villeneuve’a. W szczególności analizowane są trzy grupy: siostry Bene Geserit, nawigatorzy Gildii Przestrzeni oraz mentaci. Argumentuje się, że proces ich ukierunkowanej ewolucji i szkolenia jest w rzeczywistości praktyką transhumanistyczną, której szczytową reprezentacją jest transformacja Leto II w hybrydę człowieka i robaka. W dalszej części artykułu przeprowadzono analizę dopuszczalności tych praktyk w świetle podstawowych praw człowieka, przyjętych w Powszechnej Deklaracji Praw Człowieka. Ostateczny wniosek jest taki, że Diuna może być postrzegana jako ostrzeżenie dla bioinżynierów i prawodawców przed niekontrolowanym postępem w genetyce.
4
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Mars, podróż w jedną stronę? Rozważania wokół prawa do życia w warunkach podróży kosmicznych

100%
Szudejko P.
Ad Astra. Program badań nad astropolityką i prawem kosmicznym
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2023
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issue 8
1-12
EN
The article describes the problem of manned space missions in the context of human rights of their participants. A brief description of the space exploration attempts was presented, including organization of increasingly bold manned expeditions, which was the apogee of the Cold War between the US and the USSR. As part of the study, the concept of a flight to Mars was included, which involves several competing programs, with participation of the private sector. The article presents human rights that may be at risk during manned space missions, especially missions to Mars. The right to life, to health protection and to self-determination have been described, according to both international and Polish legal acts. In the final part of the article, an analysis was presented of admissibility of manned space missions in the context of state obligations to protect presented rights.
PL
W artykule podjęty został problem załogowych misji kosmicznych w kontekście praw człowieka, przysługujących ich uczestnikom. Przedstawiony został skrócony opis prób poznania kosmosu i organizowania coraz śmielszych wypraw załogowych, co stanowiło apogeum zimnowojennej rywalizacji pomiędzy USA a ZSRR. W zakresie badawczym znalazła się w szczególności koncepcja lotu na Marsa, która pozostaje przedmiotem kilku konkurencyjnych programów, angażujących także sektor prywatny. W artykule przedstawiono prawa człowieka, które mogą być zagrożone podczas kosmicznych misji załogowych, w szczególności podczas misji na Marsa. Opisano prawo do życia, do ochrony zdrowia oraz do samostanowienia, w ujęciu aktów prawa międzynarodowego oraz prawa polskiego. W końcowej części artykułu przedstawione zostały rozważania nad dopuszczalnością prowadzenia misji załogowych w kontekście obowiązków państwa do ochrony wymienionych praw.
5
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Regulacje prawne w zakresie szczepień ochronnych przeciwko COVID-19 – problemy wybrane

63%
Szudejko P., Jachimowicz-Jankowska P.
Studia Prawa Publicznego
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2021
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issue 4 (36)
79-108
EN
Undoubtedly, the end of 2019 will be recorded in the annals of modern human history as a time which resulted in an unprecedented event. This is because this year, the global epidemic of the SARS-CoV-2 virus broke out. This virus, on the other hand, leads to the development of an acute infectious disease of the respiratory tract, known as COVID-19. Therefore, the state of epidemic threat that was initially introduced in Poland, and then transformed into the current epidemic state, requires a particular reaction from the state authorities and also, it would seem, an appropriate response to the situation by the citizens themselves. In such exceptional circumstances, the obligation arises for the state to protect the life and health of its citizens, both in the area of enacting the relevant law and its implementation. However, there is a remedy for the growing number of new cases of COVID-19 and deaths in this context, namely the possibility of performing preventive vaccinations against this disease. This article aims to analyze and evaluate the legal regulations on preventive vaccinations against COVID-19 introduced in Poland. In this regard, reference is made to the basic assumptions used in the constitutional model of health care inPoland. In this context, the principle of equal access to health care services financed from public funds and the constitutional exceptions to the principle of equal access to benefits, such as children, pregnant women, disabled and elderly people are discussed, as well as the principle of the active role of the state in combating epidemic threats. These considerations are complemented by an outline of the statutory and sub-statutory solutions in the health care model. The analysis also covers legal solutions adopted with regard to the COVID-19 epidemic, and presents the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as well as restrictions, orders and bans in connection with the epidemic. In addition, the compliance of the distribution of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with the constitutional model of health protection is assessed, with the criteria for assessing this distribution in the context of establishing the state of the epidemic being singled out.
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