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From Folklivsforskning to European Ethnology and Anthropology, and Back: Swedish Ethnology in the 19th through 21st Centuries

100%
Woitsch J.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
|
2017
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vol. 27
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issue 3
224 - 235
EN
The chronologically approached essay outlines the development of Swedish ethnology from its amateur beginnings through establishing the museum and university scientific discipline in the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. Great attention is paid to the essential modernization of the discipline by Sigurd Erixon, which had all-European impact through the theoreticalmethodological formation of the comparative all-European ethnology´s concept, as well as to the subsequent processes of sociologization and anthropologization of the discipline in the 1970s and 1980s, and the shift in the Swedish ethnologists´ focus from the study of the past to current social problems. The contemporary situation in Swedish ethnology, the example of which the so-called Lund School is, is described as a convergence of cultural-historical and anthropological approaches and the discipline is considered to be one of the most progressive in the all-European context. The essay mentions several profiling personalities of Swedish ethnology from the 19th century to date as well as key works, and it describes the past and the contemporary institutional basis of the discipline.
2

Going Their Own Way? The Swiss Ethnology in the 19th and the First Half of the 20th Century

100%
Woitsch J.
Národopisná revue (Journal of Ethnology)
|
2019
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vol. 29
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issue 1
15 - 29
EN
The article submits a chronologically explained development of the Swiss ethnology with an emphasis on the development in the 19th century through the 1960s, whereby the interest in cultural diversity as well as that defined in other ways in older periods is partially included as a theme. Great attention is paid to key personalities in the history of the Swiss ethnology, in particular to Eduard Hoffmann­Krayer and Richard Weiss, and to how they influenced the theoretical and methodological as well as thematic shifts in the orientation of the discipline. Further significant persons and important works of the Swiss ethnology are mentioned as well, and the institutional basis of the discipline is described. The author presents the Swiss ethnology as quite a peculiar and progressive research discourse. This was formed under a strong influence of the German Volkskunde, but evolving in a country featuring a specifically multi­ethnic composition of the population, a significantly different historical development, as compared to Germany, and special, even extreme natural and geographical conditions that contributed to the survival of many archaic elements of the so­called folk culture until the 20th century.
3
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Nositelé paměti nebo zdroje falešných představ? Naučné stezky v ČR v etnologické perspektivě

63%
Pauknerová K., Woitsch J.
Studia Ethnologica Pragensia
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2017
|
issue 1
66-95
EN
Educational trails are marked tourist trails placed in naturally or culturally remarkable places where selected significant phenomena and objects are specifically explained. On the most general level, we can understand educational trails as an expression of a modernist relationship to the natural and cultural heritage. The oldest educational trails were built in Germany and the USA in the 1920s and 1930s, the oldest Czech educational trails date from the late 1960s. After 1990, resp. 2000 we can observe, due to the strong wave of new regionalism and environmentalism in the Czech Republic and the mass support of building educational trails from various subsidiary programs, an unusual boom in building educational trails. Their number on our territory can be estimated at almost 1000. Academic attention that has been devoted to the educational trails so far can be described as quite inadequate. The study is therefore, on one hand, introduction into the study of educational trails and, on the other hand, demonstration of one of the possible interpretative approaches to this phenomenon through a case study focused on the content of two trails in central and western Bohemia. The initial method of the study is content analysis (or comparison of content analyzes) of relevant educational trails. The aim is both to verify the „truth“ of the facts presented on the trails, and to find out what role they play or can play in identifying and perceiving cultural (especially historical) and natural phenomena by tourists and other „users“ of these trails. In the study, we try to verify the hypothesis of a different concept of the presentation of historical events and historical cultural landscape in the areas affected by the transfer of the German-speaking population after Second World War and traditionally Czech inland areas where the transfer did not take place. On the theoretical level, the contribution is based mainly on the critical epistemological positions of the anthropology of landscape and historical ethnology, historical and ethnological study of memory and partly of the recent ethnological works devoted to the relationship of tourism and historical memory in Central Eastern Europe.
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