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PL
This article contains a review of modern paremiological trends, especially in French, Czech, Finnish, Estonian and American science centers. The author presents a synthesis of recent research studies with regard to different aspects of and problems associated with this issue.
PL
Celem opisanych w artykule badań jest diagnoza poziomu subkompetencji frazeologicznej studentów-neofilologów, którzy podjęli naukę na specjalizacji translatorskiej. Kompetencja frazeologiczna traktowana jest jako nieodłączny element kompetencji językowej tłumacza i odpowiada za poprawne posługiwanie się w mowie i piśmie względnie ustabilizowanymi i choćby w niewielkiej części zleksykalizowanymi związkami wyrazowymi. W badaniach wykorzystano metodę ankietową. Zadaniem respondentów było podanie cech definicyjnych frazeologizmu oraz wskazanie jednostek frazeologicznych spośród podanej listy związków wyrazowych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonej ankiety można stwierdzić, iż w opinii respondentów kryterium frazeologiczności spełniają przede wszystkim związki idiomatyczne. Frazeologizm jest traktowany przez studentów-neofilologów tradycjonalistycznie, stereotypowo, a więc przede wszystkim idiomatycznie (w ujęciu W.W. Winogradowa). Respondenci z trudem dopatrują się cech jednostki frazeologicznej w strukturach częściowo zleksykalizowanych – frazemach (zgodnie z koncepcją W. Chlebdy). Takie rozumienie frazeologii z kolei skutkuje często atomistycznym tłumaczeniem związków frazematycznych, co zazwyczaj prowadzi do naruszenia reguł języka docelowego. Wniosek z przeprowadzonego badania pilotażowego skłania do podjęcia działań w zakresie przeorientowania subkompetencji frazeologicznej z perspektywy czysto idiomatycznej na frazematyczną, co z pewnością przyczyni się do podniesienia jakości rezultatów tłumaczenia.
EN
The aim of the research described in the article is the diagnosis of the level of phraseological subcompetence of the students of neophilology, who started studies with translation specialisation. Phraseological competence is considered an inseparable element of translator’s linguistic competence and it corresponds to correct use of relatively stabilised and even slightly lexicalised phrasemes in oral and written form. Survey method was used in the research. The task of respondents was to name defining features of phraseologism and to indicate phrasological units in the provided list of phrasemes. On the basis of conducted survey, it can be stated that in opinion of the respondents, it is prevalently idioms that meet the criterion of phraseology. Phraseologism is considered traditionally, stereotypically, and most of all, idiomatically by the students of neophilology (according to W.W. Winogradow). Repondents have difficulties finding the features of phraseological unit in partly lexicalised structures – phrasemes (according to theory of W. Chlebda). This understanding of phraseology in turn often results in atomistic translation of phrasemes, which usually leads to violation of the rules of target language. The conclusion of conducted pilot study induces to take action in terms of reorientation of the phraseological subcompetence, from the purely idiomatic perspective to phrasematic, which will certainly contribute to the improvement of quality of translation results.
PL
The article discusses proverb innovations in the aspect of textual criticism. On one hand, their functional specificity allows them to be still considered as fully-featured proverbs, on the other hand, it reveals an array of peculiarities related to modification and/or expansion of lexical composition of the output proverb, which is connected with identification of particular levels of meaning (literal, figurative and situational) by the receiver.
PL
The paper features a treatment of the basic postulates that are aimed at developing a proverb dictionary, which would, on the one hand, characterize the assembled material in an optimal and comprehensive way, and retain the status of a user-friendly dictionary, on the other hand. This “friendliness” is achieved through the simplification of formal description, the withdrawal of acronyms and references, and the reduction of redundant comments and explanations. The order of particular description elements is also of considerable importance in the process of developing a dictionary, which will, first and foremost, allow the user to easily acquire as broad a knowledge about proverbs as possible in an accessible and effective way.
EN
The research on the phenomenon of variantivity in natural languages should comprise all their subsystems. Much attention has been given to phonetic, morphological, lexical, phraseological phenomena, while strictly paremiological ones have been handled to a lesser extent to date. The discussed issue of proverbial innovations in the contemporary Polish language partly fills in the research gap. The factographic material collected in the paper has shown a significant nominative and expressive potential of paremic units fulfilled as a result of numerous modifications of the canonical form of the proverbs used commonly in the Polish language. The said results could be obtained from the paremiological material excerpted with the use of www.google.com search engine in generally available online resources. The criterion adopted for selecting the initial units was the indicator of their frequency based on the socalled paremiological minimum. Afterwards, a secondary modified proverb was compared to its original, which enabled a description of basic innovation mechanisms and identification of the function of a specific registered innovation.
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