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1

Coincidence, Probability, Cognitive Error

100%

Szymanek K.

Folia Philosophica

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2016

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vol. 36

EN

A lot has been written about coincidence, including research into the probabilistic, methodological, psychological and philosophical aspects of coincidence This paper presents some aspects of the role of coincidence in the human cognitive system, focusing in particular on probabilistic reasoning and logical and methodological errors in reasoning associated with the perception and interpretation of coincidence. Due to the nature of things, it is not possible to omit the areas of research mentioned above.

2

Erystyka, moralność i wojna

100%

Szymanek K.

Folia Philosophica

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2021

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vol. 45

1-19

EN

The article addresses the ethical aspects of eristic and – more generally – the difficulties people encounter while evaluating debates in moral terms. Simplified and superficial ways to perceive eristical phenomena lead to inadequate assessments. Krzysztof Szymanek objects to the stereotype of eristic as the art of unfair debating and argues that eristical stratagems cannot be considered simpliciter as honest or dishonest without taking into account the circumstances under which arguments are exchanged. He gives and discusses examples of argumentative moves which, on the one hand, are deceptive, but, on the other, lead to the victory of what is right. A comparison of eristical fights to military battles helps to highlight the difficulties in formulating moral judgments about disputes.

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest etycznym aspektom erystyki i – ogólniej – trudnościom, jakie napotykamy, gdy próbujemy oceniać walkę na argumenty w kategoriach moralnych. Uproszczone, powierzchowne postrzeganie zjawisk na tym polu prowadzi do nieadekwatnych ocen. Autor opowiada się przeciw stereotypowi erystyki jako sztuki nieuczciwej dyskusji, twierdząc, że nie da się chwytów erystycznych rozpatrywać simpliciter jako uczciwych bądź nieuczciwych bez brania pod uwagę okoliczności, w których dochodzi do wymiany argumentów. W tekście przedstawione są przykłady posunięć argumentacyjnych, które z jednej strony mają charakter podstępu, z drugiej jednak przyczyniają się do zwycięstwa tego, co słuszne. Porównanie walki erystycznej do zmagań wojennych pozwala na uwypuklenie trudności w formułowaniu sądów moralnych dotyczących prowadzenia sporów.

3

Justification and Argumentation

100%

Szymanek K.

Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric

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2014

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vol. 36

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issue 1

231-239

EN

In her paper “Argumentation theory and the conception of epistemic justification”, Lilian Bermejo-Luque presents a critique of deductivism in argumentation theory, as well as her own concept of epistemic justification inspired by the views of Stephen Toulmin. Reading this paper induced me to reflect on the mutual relation between the notions of justification and argumentation. In this work I would like to first draw the reader’s attention to a few issues which seem debatable to me, or which I find worth presenting from a slightly different point of view than that of Lilian Bermejo-Luque. I agree that deductivism is not suitable for a general theory of evaluation of arguments although the critique of deductivism presented by the Author appears as not fully adequate to me. Then I proceed to presenting my doubts about the “conception of justification as a proper outcome of good argumentation” presented in the work. I need to emphasise that due to a broad range of topics addressed by me in this short paper, the description of some of them will be neither fully precise nor exhaustive.

4

Richard E. Nisbett – „Mindware. Narzędzia skutecznego myślenia”

51%

Szymanek K.

Decyzje

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2016

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issue 25

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Coincidence, Probability, Cognitive Error

Erystyka, moralność i wojna

Justification and Argumentation

Richard E. Nisbett – „Mindware. Narzędzia skutecznego myślenia”