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1

MARTIN KUKUČÍN – „VYHNANEC A PESIMISTA“

100%
Taranenková I.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2013
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vol. 60
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issue 4
324 – 342
EN
Building on the stimuli from ontological genre theory and thematology, the study reconstructs the autobiographical line of Martin Kukučín´s work and, in a wider sense, defines the writer´s semiotic gesture present in the whole of his work. The line in question is represented by the marginalized writings, shorter in size and vaguely recognized (sketches, short stories, columns), which were not exposed to interpretation so much. Besides the „children´s“ proses, they include „retrospective“ proses, the sketch Na obecnom salaši (At the Village Sheep Farm, 1887), the novella Vianočné oblátky (Christmas Wafers, 1890), the short story Tichá voda (Quiet Water, 1892), which thematize the motifs of becoming „estranged“ (O. Čepan) or realizing the „bitterness of half-blooded status“ of a man who is a peasant by origin and an intellectual by education. The last group within the autobiographical line comprises the Prague-related proses, which present Kukučín as a confident city author, whose relationship with the environment is very specific. The central motifs of the writings – melancholy and nostalgia – show the situation of the modern era subject, typical of which is an unanchored individual, the loss of support, the disappearing world of the traditional, archaic values, and the response to the intrusion of the modern era into people´s lives. There are various passages and layers of his work where he discloses the defining moment of the essential certainties of human life (family, background, tradition) being undermined, but it is not a catastrophe moment, rather an argument, which also stems from the natural course of events, an argument of life. In conclusion, the analysed texts cast light on the distinctive attitude in Kukučín´s writing style, and definitely prove that he was the kind of author who thematized human existence full of contradictions at the dawn of modern era with confidence. Thematizing lonely feelings, being cut off roots and losing the original world integrity expressed in the motifs of melancholy and nostalgia, which gave rise to his creative activity.
2

NA RUBE SPRÍTOMŇOVANIA IDEÁLU (MELANCHÓLIA V DISKURZE SLOVENSKÉHO LITERÁRNEHO REALIZMU)

100%
Taranenková I.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2015
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vol. 62
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issue 2
81 – 95
EN
The paper is focused on several ways of presenting melancholy in the discourse of Slovak literary realism – in the works by P. O. Hviezdoslav but mostly in the proses by S. H. Vajanský and M. Kukučín. Built on the latest research into the subject matter of interdisciplinary character, it deals with the dual presence of melancholy in the national revivalist narrative, which highlights the fundamental contradiction in Slovak literature of the 19th century oscillating between the ideal and its manifestations, i.e. the deficit of it in empirical experience. Despite the explicit marginalization, melancholy becomes a category showing deeper structural qualities of Slovak culture including Slovak literature in the 19th century, which is related to the nostalgic and utopian moments being the subject of numerous writings. It represents the „negative reality“ (L. F. Földényi), which reflects its efforts, ambitions and contradictions reaching beyond the actual era.
3

K AUTOPORTRÉTU LITERÁRNEHO KRITIKA V PREMENÁCH DOBY (LITERÁRNY KRITIK JÁN ROZNER V ROKOCH 1954 – 1963)

100%
Taranenková I.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2013
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vol. 60
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issue 3
233 – 243
EN
The study is focused on the literary-critical writings by Ján Rozner published between the mid-1950s and the mid-1960s, which are compiled in the collection of his reviews called Pohľad v zrkadlách (A Look in the Mirrors, 1969). They have all the attributes of the situation in Czechoslovak culture and society cautiously but still moving from the normative paradigm set by the Socialist Realism doctrine to more spontaneous and more pluralist forms. As regards the arts and culture, the liberalization of the social situation was manifested in diagnosing and criticizing the acts of „schematism“ and in gradually undermining the Socialist Realism doctrine, in growing tendencies to see the concept of Socialist literature within a wider context, accenting the independence of the arts from the political power. The latest research into the period of time in question suggests that the process was not homogeneous and linear, but rather discontinuous and heterogeneous, containing obvious relapses, controversies and paradoxes, which is significantly proved in the analysed Rozner´s writings. Rozner carries out a consistent analysis of the notions used in the contemporary cultural discourse, because he sees them as the world structure processing medium. His goal is then to restore critical-analytical thinking and to point at the dynamic nature of the cognitive process. One of the central notions related to the immediate present, which makes it different from the past at the same time, is the „multidimensional“, „multifarious“, „multi-individual“ nature of each approach, which helps spread „the freedom of open possibilities“. However, establishing the framework for making the individual processes and attitudes more dynamic, individualistic, heterogeneous is unquestioned in Rozner´s articles from this period, and presenting the richness and variety eventually refers to the whole of „the Socialist Realist arts“, more or less accented, yet undoubted.
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