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Rzutowanie semiotyczne, czyli językowe oswajanie obcości w kulturze. Szkic lingwistyczno-antropologiczny

100%
Czerwiński M.
Etnolingwistyka. Problemy Języka i Kultury
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2013
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vol. 25
EN
In this article one semantic phenomenon is tentatively taken into consideration. This phenomenon emerged when historical discourse was under investigation but it is not limited only to historical texts. This phenomenon – which is in the absence of a better term called the semiotic projection of meaning – is crucial for language in general, for consciousness and cognitive mechanisms of human being. Every culture, confronting itself with such or such otherness – the otherness either of diverse cultures or past events, it has to overcome this otherness that is to say to adapt it which means that it has to impose on it a form that is more meaningful for itself. Putting it operationally, it has to inscribe the otherness in question into its own horizon of sense, and consequently – into its own semantic system. The understanding of past of understanding of an unknown culture can be seen as an adaptation of them. In this article such an adaptation is considered within three domains: history, other culture and universe of animals.
PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest zjawisku rzutowania semiotycznego (semantycznej projekcji znaczenia), które ujawniło się w trakcie badań tekstów traktujących o przeszłości, choć nie ogranicza się ono wyłącznie do tekstów historycznych. Jest ono doniosłe dla języka, jak również dla świadomości i mechanizmów poznawczych człowieka. Każda kultura, konfrontując się obcością (dotyczącą innej kultury lub czasów minionych), musi ową obcość oswoić (przezwyciężyć), nadając jej formę bardziej dla siebie zrozumiałą. Inaczej mówiąc, musi ją wpisać we własny horyzont sensu, a wraz z tym – we własny system semantyczny. Zrozumienie przeszłości bądź odmiennej kultury to właśnie ich oswojenie. Analizie w artykule podlega oswajanie trzech zasadniczych domen: przeszłości, obcej kultury i świata zwierząt.
2
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Synteza dziejów narodu – zarys problematyki stylistycznej gatunku (na podstawie tekstów chorwackich i serbskich)

100%
Czerwiński M.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2010
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vol. 45
EN
A stylistic outline of a genre: synthesis of a nation’s history (a research of the Croatian and Serbian texts)In the article a particular genre, i.e. synthesis of a nation’s history, or national historiography, is stylistically elaborated. There are at least two reasons why this sort of genre, that has never been scholarly discussed, ought to be analyzed: a social-political relevance (books like A History of Poland, or A History of Croatia, or A History of Serbia play an important role in spreading historical consciousnesses and particular interpretations of history), a linguistic-stylistic (the very construction of texts of this sort differs in many respects from scholar texts possessing many popular-scholar linguistic markers and, additionally, since they concern history, the narrative itself has a its own peculiarity).
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Życie znaków w sieci kodów – czyli o semiotycznie zorientowanych badaniach dyskursu i stylu (na przykładzie znaku „naród chorwacki”)

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Czerwiński M.
Slavia Meridionalis
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2010
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vol. 10
EN
A life of signs in the network of codes. On semiotically-oriented studies of discourse and style (an analysis of the sign “Croatian nation”)In the article a semiotic theory of style and discourse is developed. According to some author’s previous research and theories by Bakhtin, Eco and Uspienski, the idea of overlapping of signs and codes is discussed. The sign-vehicle “Croatian nation” is taken into consideration in various contexts and various interlocutors (from Croatian literature, press and scholarly books). The result of such an investigation is aimed to empirically prove to what extent usual semantic interpretation deprives the whole meaning of texts.
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Sens dziejów narodowych a struktura tekstu historycznego. O niektórych mechanizmach tekstotwórczych na przykładzie historii Polski

100%
Czerwiński M.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2011
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vol. 46
EN
The understanding of national history and the structure of historical text. About some text-forming devices on the example of Polish historyIn the article some operational terms in historical text (here in the genre of the popular-scientific synthesis of a national history) are taken into consideration, notably: final (term by Boris Uspienski) and narration/narrative. It is demonstrated how the last link of a chain of events in historical representation – called by Uspienski the final – influences, and in fact enables, the very construction of any story about the past. Moreover, the final makes it possible to grasp all historical entities (protagonists, events, etc.) within a defined axiological sphere. Thus, some entities are considered to be good whereas some other are bad. Their role in a narrative is determined in relation to the final that affirms a teleology of a nation (here in the example of Polish nation). In this context, the two concepts that of event and process, taken from narratology (Doležel and van Dijk), are elaborated.
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Archiwum znaków – semiotyka pamięci kulturowej

100%
Czerwiński M.
tekst i dyskurs - text und diskurs
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2014
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issue 7
31-48
PL
Przedmiotem niniejszego artykułu jest problem pamięci kulturowej w kontekście badań nad dyskursem o nachyleniu semiotycznym. Podejmowana jest próba wykorzystania instrumentarium analiz dyskursu historycznego w refleksji nad pamięcią. Tytułowe archiwum znaków – semantycznie profilowanych w dyskursie – potraktowane zostaje jako rezerwuar wiedzy zgromadzonej i przenoszonej dzięki językowi, literaturze i sztuce.
EN
The main goal of this article is to present cultural memory in the context of semiotically-oriented discourse studies. An attempt is made to apply theoretical approaches of analyses of historical discourse in the field of cultural memory. The archive of signs, semantically profiled in discourse, is understood as a reservoir of knowledge stored and conveyed by language, literature and arts.
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Dysydent Bogdan Radica

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Czerwiński M.
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
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2014
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issue 6
EN
In the article a certain prominent Croatian emigrant, but very little known in Croatia, is taken into consideration. Bogdan Radica (1904–1993) was a political dissident in two different circumstances. Between 1941–1945, as an attaché of the Yugoslav Embassy in Washington, he was opposing both the Ustasha’a Croatian state and Yugoslav policy under Serbian control, which he defined as a hegemonic and ‘anti-Yugoslav’. Between 1945–1993, with a short period supporting the Communists, he became the most prominent representative of the Croatian emigration, emphasizing pro-independent attitudes. His engagement is seen not as an ideological profile but as an attitude.
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Europa jako znak w nowomowie jugosłowiańskich komunistów na przykładzie wystąpień Josipa Broza Tity

100%
Czerwiński M.
Slavia Meridionalis
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2012
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vol. 12
EN
Europe as a sign in the Yugoslav Communist newspeak basing on the Tito’s addresses Although the Yugoslav Communist newspeak resembled the Polish one on the formal level, it significantly different conceptualized and evaluated the extra‑linguistic reality, includ­ing primarily notions referring to main subjects of the international politics. It resulted from a diverse place the Communist Yugoslavia had in the Cold War order and its role within the non‑allied countries. As a result semantic relations were different in this discourse. The aim of this article is a reconstruction of the content of one of the most important signs in this lan­guage – the sign of Europe basing on the Yugoslav dictator’s (Josip Broz Tito) addresses. The research demonstrates that the cultural and social‑political context imposed other connota­tive features on the notion of Europe. As the result it has completely different functions that its Polish equivalent. This in turn leads to different types semiosis of this sign in both cultures and other signs coming from the same semantic field.
8
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Socjalistyczny w formie, narodowy w treści. Chorwacka odmiana komunistycznej nowomowy w czasie tzw. chorwackiej wiosny

100%
Czerwiński M.
Stylistyka
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2012
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vol. 21
97-118
EN
In this article the problem o f Yugoslav Newspeak, in the Croatian version that appeared in the period o f the so-called Croatian Spring (1971), is taken into consideration. The aim ofthe analysis is to demonstrate how Croatian national values and beliefs - understood in semiotic terms as a ‘m onal codę’ - were conveyed within the rigid and inflexiblecommunist discourse (understood as a ‘communist codę ). Thus, the Stalinist slogan “National in form, socialist in content” is dcliberately shifted into “Socialist in Form andNational in Content”. This shift aims at demonstrating that the Croatian elite took advantage of the communist Newspeak in order to explicate its own national consciousness without being accused of anti-Serbian nationalism, or de stroying the idea o f “brotherhood and unity”. The interrelation of the two codes brings about a very complex linguistic phenomenon. In the article the analysis concems several problems: (1) the semiotic capacity of the genre that enablcd one to convey national values without questiomng Yugoslav unity, (2) discursive formations hringing about sensitive relations hetween Croats and Serbs, including certain semantic and formal strategies, and (3) the issue o f the purist consciousness with respect to Newspeak. The article demonstrates that the communist political leaders play an important role re-establishing independent Croatian discourse. This stratégy is not limited to Croatia sińce in all of the former socialist republics o f the Yugoslav I cderal >n the same situation occurred.
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Nowomowa po jugosłowiańsku

100%
Czerwiński M.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2012
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vol. 47
EN
The Yugoslav NewspeakIn the article the issue of a language of the Yugoslav communists – called here after Orwell the totalitarian Newspeak – is taken into consideration. It aims at finding similarities and differences between the Polish and Yugoslav Newspeak basing on analysis of discourses of the Yugoslav dictator – Josip Broz Tito, Yugoslav historiography and political slogans. In the first section concrete linguistic phenomena are taken into account (like lexical items, semantic dichotomies, periphrases, metaphors and so on), whereas in the second: extra-linguistic circumstances – including social-political and cultural context – making the Yugoslav communicative practices specific and different from the Polish ones.
10
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Bezradność słów. Ante Kesicia „fikcja” o Zagładzie

100%
Czerwiński M.
Poznańskie Studia Slawistyczne
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2017
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issue 12
61-77
EN
In the article one book written by the Croatian author, Ante Kesić, is taken into consideration. The novel Black Snow, published in 1957, narrates about a Slovenian young woman, Breda, who was caught by the Germans in Ljubljana (for her contacts with communist partisans) and sent to the Dachau Concentration Camp. Although not of Jewish origins she encounters the Holocaust of the Jews in the camp and gets pregnant with a Jewish artist. The novel conceptualizes tragedy of war and the Holocaust in a very experimental way, by using a range of modernist, avant-garde or even surrealist literary techniques. The author attempts to invent a new language with a new grammar that would enable to express something that is not expressible.
11
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Old Dubrovnik, Young Serbia and Vague Croatia. Mental Maps in the Serb-Catholic Imagination in Dubrovnik

100%
Czerwiński M.
Acta Poloniae Historica
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2020
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vol. 121
PL
This article describes the experience of the community of Serb-Catholics living in Dubrovnik in the early twentieth century. It is based primarily on an investigation of the literary and cultural periodical Srdj (1902–08). This study focuses, firstly, on the conceptual ambivalence resulting from efforts to apply linguistic criteria to determine Serbian identity and, secondly, on the efforts to construct a mental map that would serve projections of Serbian symbolic territory. While the presence of the Serb-Catholic milieu in the city was short-lived (from the mid-nineteenth century to the First World War), it nevertheless left traces on the urban landscape that typified the ambivalent formation of national identity along religious lines, as Croatians were associated with Catholicism and Serbs with Orthodoxy.
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