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PL
W niniejszym artykule autor stara się wskazać na kontekst i źródła wiedzy prawniczej posiadanej przez św. Tomasza z Akwinu. Nie ulega wątpliwości, iż Tomasz nie studiował prawa, lecz jest równocześnie pewne, że w swoich pracach powoływał źródła prawa rzymskiego i kanonicznego. Jak się wydaje, nie należy tych przypadków traktować jednostkowo, lecz raczej widzieć je w szerszej perspektywie. W przekonaniu autora wiedza Akwinaty na temat prawa stanowiła naturalną konsekwencję trzech niezależnych okoliczności. Po pierwsze, okres życia św. Tomasza przypadał na tzw. „wiek prawa”. Po drugie, był on członkiem zakonu dominikańskiego, w duchowości którego zawsze podkreślano konieczność studiów, które miały pomóc braciom w lepszym głoszeniu Słowa Bożego. Wreszcie, z początkami istnienia Zakonu Kaznodziejskiego łączyć należy zjawisko dużej liczby powołań wykształconych prawników i kanonistów rekrutujących się przede wszystkim z Uniwersytetu Bolońskiego. Wydaje się, iż wstępując do zakonu dzielili się oni swoją wiedzą ze współbraćmi. Także i w tym nieformalnym procesie nauczania prawa można poszukiwać źródeł prawniczej wiedzy Akwinaty.
EN
In this article author is attempting to show the context and the sources of the legal knowledge acquired by Saint Thomas Aquinas. It is certain that Thomas had not studied law, but it is obvious as well that he used the sources of Roman and Canon law frequently in his own studies. The author believes that the Aquinas’s knowledge of law is natural consequence of three circumstance. First of all, Saint Thomas’s life occurred in the so-called “epoch of the law”. Secondly, he was a member of the Dominican Order which always emphasised the need of study which help the friars to preach more accurately Word of God. Finally, in the times of Thomas Aquinas many friars entered the Order as a professional lawyers and canonists who by no means shared their knowledge of law with brothers.
PL
Przedmiotem artykułu jest zagadnienie pośredniego wykorzystania prawa rzymskiego przez św. Tomasza w tzw. Traktacie o prawie. Pomimo iż Akwinata odwoływał się do autorytetu wielu autorów starożytnych – tak pogańskich, jak i chrześcijańskich – to jedynie w pismach św. Izydora z Sewilli odnaleźć można wpływ myśli prawników rzymskich.
EN
The article concerns the issue of indirect use of the Roman law by Saint Thomas in so-called Treatise on Law. Although Aquinas mentioned the authority of numerous ancient authors – both pagan and Christian – the influence of Roman lawyers’ thought can be found just in the references to the writings of Saint Isidore of Seville.
EN
In this article the author analyses three hypothetical sources of inspiration for papal lawyers who prepared canon Saepe coningit in the Fourth Council of the Lateran. This analysis does not give a unequivocal answer, which Roman solution was the reference point for papal lawyers. All the presented solutions , i.e. actio Pauliana, a case of selling a stolen thing and by usucaption of a stolen thing differ in respect to a factual state, which became the subject of canon regulation in Saepe coningit or are identical with it. Thus, we can accept that the statement non obstante civilis iuris rigore, which was used by the Council Fathers, in fact did not apply to any concrete regulation of the Roman Law but it pointed to it as a legal order
EN
Jan Kanty Rzesiński was a nineteenth-century Polish scholar from Kraków. He never became a famous Romanist. Nevertheless, his contribution to the development of Polish studies on Gaius and his Commentaries is important. Rzesiński was the very first Polish scholar who presented the discovery of Gaius’ Commentaries to Polish society. In the academic year 1831–1832 Rzesiński lectured on Gaius at the Jagiellonian University. The lectures soon ceased, nevertheless, it was the first academic attempt to talk about Niebuhr’s discovery. In 1838 Rzesiński published a Polish translation of Gans’s Scholien zum Gajus. The translation attracted much interest among Polish legal scholars and was broadly commented on. In the latter part of the century, it became a standard point of reference for the next generation of Romanist, including Teodor Dydyński.
EN
During the times of the Reformation in England the teaching of canon law was officially prohibited. The needs of ecclesiastical justice, however, forced the lecturers of the Roman law – the only law taught at Oxford and Cambridge universities at the time – to insert canonical matters into their lectures. It is hard to evaluate how large that amalgamation was. Nonetheless, it is certain that the canon law survived the Reformation and flourished in changed circumstances. Besides the lectures, the knowledge of the canon law could be acquired by everyone who was linked with the universities thanks to the library resources that survived the Reformation. One of the most amazing collection of Catholic canon law manuscripts was stored in the library of New College, Oxford. The article presents the content of a catalogue of these manuscripts drawn up in 1729. Its expanded version was published in 1852. The comparative analysis of both catalogues allows us to determine the origins of these manuscripts. Moreover, it sheds light on the condition of canon law studies in the early eighteenth-century England.
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