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Rozkład płac i kapitału ludzkiego w Polsce

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Roszkowska S., Rogut A.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2007
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vol. 220
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issue 11-12
55-84
EN
The paper analyzes the relationship between the skills and earnings of Polish employees. The starting point for the discussion is an earnings equation proposed by Mincer (J. Mincer, Schooling, Experience and Earnings, 1974) as well as its modified form that takes into account a nonlinear relationship between the level of education and wages. The analysis is designed to examine income disparities in Poland, in particular to show the differences among individual professional groups. The authors evaluate the influence of the level of education and professional experience of individuals on income disparities. Finally, they show differences in pay between men and women. Econometric analyses carried out by the authors confirm that education and professional experience have a statistically significant influence on employees’ pay. The general rule is that employees with a higher education earn more. Moreover, differences in earnings in individual professional groups grow with the level of education. Another significant factor is an employee’s professional experience. People with more than 20 years of work experience earn 5-8 percent above the average, while the earnings of individuals who have less than a year of work experience are around 30 percent below the average. Statistical analyses made in the study point to a linear relationship between the level of education and pay and a nonlinear relationship between professional experience and earnings. The analyses also confirm the existence of major differences in pay between men and women. Women’s earnings were lower in both analyzed periods. Moreover, the influence of individual factors on the level of wages is different for men and women.
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Wages, Prices and Unemployment in Poland

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Roszkowska S., Rogut A.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2010
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vol. 241
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issue 7-8
21-43
EN
The paper aims to analyze long-run relationships between labor market trends, wages, prices, interest rates and the exchange rate in Poland. We use a research approach known as cointegrated VAR analysis, which makes it possible to identify long-run tendencies and common stochastic trends as well as estimate the adjustment dynamics of the system (the pulling and pushing forces). The results show that we can find stable long-run cointegration relationships between the unemployment rate, wages and prices. We can confirm our two main research hypotheses formulated on the basis of theoretical formulations. First of all, increasing product market competition seems to be the main driving force behind the convergence of the Polish economy with more advanced European economies during the analyzed period. Second, we can confirm that the Polish inflation rate has adapted to the European purchasing power parity level over the long run, and we can also confirm a kind of Balassa-Samuelson effect on consumer prices.
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Konwergencja warunkowa w krajach transformacji

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Rogut A., Roszkowska S.
Gospodarka Narodowa. The Polish Journal of Economics
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2006
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vol. 210
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issue 9
35-55
EN
The authors set out to determine if the convergence theory passes the test in 25 transition economies. On the basis of statistical data for the years 1991-2004, using an econometric model, they analyze the influence of GDP per employee on the growth of labor productivity. They also consider other factors with an influence on sustainable economic growth. Considering the significant heterogeneity of the analyzed economies in terms of market reforms and institutional conditions, the authors divided the sample into three relatively homogenous groups: 10 new European Union member states excluding Cyprus and Malta; 12 CIS countries; and five Southern and Eastern European economies. The authors evaluated conditional convergence in individual groups of economies, concluding that economies with lower GDP per employee at the start of transition were characterized by a higher rate of growth for most of the analyzed period. GDP per employee primarily depended on investment in physical and human capital, the share of government spending in GDP and inflation. Moreover, the analysis showed that convergence processes in individual countries led to converging long-term economic growth rates, which were positive rather than neutral, contrary to the classic convergence theory.
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