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Leksykalne wykładniki hipotetyczności w litewskiej gwarze puńskiej z odniesieniami do języków polskiego i litewskiego

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Roszko D.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2011
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vol. 35
EN
Lexical indicators of the hypothetical modality in the Lithuanian local dialect of Puńsk with references to Polish and Lithuanian.The dissertation discusses the problem of lexical indicators of the hypothetical modality in the Lithuanian local dialect of Puńsk. The Lithuanian local dialect of Puńsk is used by the Lithuanians living in the north-east regions of Poland. In these very regions there run important ethnic borders between Slavs and Balts, and between the Eastern and the Western groups of Slavs. The author has applied the method of theoretical contrastive studies to characterize the local dialect of Puńsk. To begin with, the author forms the definition of the hypothetical modality along with its paraphrase. She analyzes the gradation of the hypothetical modality phenomenon. Therefore, she has distinguished 6 groups, each of which is characterized by a different degree of probability. Furthermore, she gives examples of all possible indicators of the hypothetical modality in the local dialect: lexical, morphological and syntactic, where lexical indicators are more precisely described. She has distinguished the differences and resemblances between the local dialect and the literary languages of Lithuanian and Polish. In the research area, she applies the experimental corpus of the local dialect of Puńsk. Лексические средства гипотетичности в литовском говоре окрестностей Пунска в сопоставлении с польским и литовским языкамиВ статье описывается проблема лексических показателей гипотетической модальности в литовском говоре окрес тностей Пунска. На литовском говоре окрестностей Пунска говорят литовцы проживающие на северо-востоке Польши. Именно там, на этой территории, многие столетия пересекаются этнические границы между славянами и балтами, между западными и восточными славянами. В статье используется метод теоретического сопоставления естественных языков с использованием так называемого языка-посредника (tertium comparationis). В самом начале представлено содержание категории гипотетической модальности и ее парафраза. Затем описывается изменение по степеням возможности и в связи с тем выделяются шесть групп, которые постепенно отражают повышение возможности, уверенности говорящего к высказываемому им самим содержанию. В описании гипотетической модальности упоминаются лексические, морфологические и синтаксические средства выражения гипотетических значений. Более точно описываются лексические средства. Обращается внимание на сходства и различия между говором и польским и литовским языками. В исследованиях используются данные экспериментального корпуса говора окрестностей Пунска.
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Semantic contrastive linguistics theory and dialectological studies

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Roszko D.
Cognitive Studies
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2012
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issue 12
EN
Semantic contrastive linguistics theory and dialectological studiesTheoretical contrastive studies (hereinafter referred to as TCS) emerged with a view to compare and contrast natural languages on the basis of a logical interlanguage. The idea of making the TCS guidelines available to science resulted in discontinuing the division into the original language and the target language when comparing and contrasting two (or more languages), and at the same time, terminating the dependence of the resulting material (i.e. form indexes in the target language) on the formal structures in the original language. The TCS essence is included in the interlanguage, which is used as tertium comparationis in the studies. To get more on this topic see Koseska, Korytkowska, R. Roszko (2007). Till now, TCS have not been applied in dialectal studies. There are a lot of reasons for this conjuncture. First of all, dialectal studies usually concentrate on one code (i.e. only a single local dialect is being specified), whilst in TCS, a comparison and contrast between (at least two) languages is provided. Moreover, research on the dialectal differentiation of a specific language (i.e. at least two dialects (/ local dialects) are being specified together) is based on demonstrating the features shared and differentiated on the level of (a) lexis, (b) morphology (most often narrowed to demonstrate differential morphological features) and (c) syntactic (relatively most rarely). Thus, dialectal studies are essentially a description of the formal conjuncture, whereas semantic aspects are out of the area of researchers interest. With this article, I am going to break the current patterns and prove that dialectal studies can be conducted in accordance with the TCS guidelines. The advantage of such dialectal studies is not only a different/new look at a specific local dialect, but also a possibility of an instant comparison and contrast between the local dialect and the standardized language or other local dialects (of one language or another) on the semantic level providing the highest standard of the relevances demonstrated (i.e. similarities and differences).
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The Use of the Lexical Exponents of Hypothetical Modality in Polish and Lithuanian

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Roszko D.
Cognitive Studies
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2016
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issue 16
EN
The Use of the Lexical Exponents of Hypothetical Modality in Polish and LithuanianIn this article the author focuses on the issue of hypothetical modality[1] in Polish and Lithuanian. A list of the basic exponents of hypothetical modality in both languages is presented. However, the focus is mainly placed on the lexical exponents. On the basis of one of the six groups, which describes a high degree of probability (H5), the differences between the use of the lexical exponents in both languages are examined. In the study, multilingual corpora resources, including The Polish-Lithuanian parallel corpus Clarin-PL., are utilized.[1] [In the academic literature, for the notion described herein, the term of epistemic modality is also used.  Nevertheless, in this paper I will continue to use the term of hypotheticality, which I borrowed from the studies on modality, conducted in Polish-Bulgarian cooperation (Slavic Institute of Polish Academy of Sciences and Institute for Bulgarian Language of the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences).] O użyciu wykładników leksykalnych modalności hipotetycznej w językach polskim i litewskimW artykule autorka porusza zagadnienie modalności hipotetycznej[1]  w językach polskim i litewskim. Przedstawia wykaz podstawowych wykładników modalności hipotetycznej w obu językach. Główną uwagę skupia jednak na wykładnikach leksykalnych. Na przykładzie jednej z sześciu grup, opisującej wysoki stopień prawdopodobieństwa (H5), omawia różnice użycia wykładników leksykalnych w obu językach. W badaniach wykorzystuje wielojęzyczne zasoby korpusowe, w tym Polsko-litewski korpus równoległy Clarin-PL.[1] [W literaturze przedmiotu na oznaczenie opisywanych tu treści stosowany jest również termin epistemiczności. Niemniej jednak w tej pracy autorka pozostaje przy terminie hipotetyczności, który zapożycza z badań nad modalnością, prowadzonych we współpracy polsko-bułgarskiej (Instytut Slawistyki PAN i Instytut Języka Bułgarskiego BAN).]
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Experimental Corpus of the Lithuanian Local Dialect of Punsk in Poland. Examples of the Lexical and Semantic Annotation

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Roszko D.
Cognitive Studies
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2013
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issue 13
EN
Experimental Corpus of the Lithuanian Local Dialect of Punsk in Poland. Examples of the Lexical and Semantic AnnotationIn the article the author describes the experimental corpus of the Lithuanian local dialect of Puńsk in Poland (ECorp-of-Punsk). It is the first corpus of this type for the Lithuanian local dialect. The corpus consists of three subcorpora. The first one (referred to as fundamental) contains utterances given by Lithuanians in the local dialect, the second one – utterances given by Lithuanians in Polish, the third one – aligned Polish-dialectal texts.  The texts recorded in the years 1986–2012 have been included in the Ecorp-of-Punsk resources.
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Eksperymentalny korpus litewskiej gwary puńskiej w Polsce (narzędzie do badań nad gwarami polskimi i litewskimi na Suwalszczyźnie)

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Roszko D.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2013
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vol. 48
EN
Experimental corpus of the Lithuanian local dialect of Puńsk in Poland (a tool for the study on the Polish and Lithuanian local dialects in the Suwałki Region)The linguistic resources included in EkorpGP present a great cognitive value for Polish and Lithuanian dialectologists. Particularly valuable for researchers of the Lithuanian local dialects, including the local dialect of Puńsk, is subcorpus A. The material included in EKorpGP confirms that the local dialect is incessantly evolving. The typical dialectal features vanish for the sake of the standardized Lithuanian language.Whereas, subcorpora B and C are a good base for studies on the processes of the language interference in the speech of the bilingual Lithuanians of Puńsk. Amongst the potential recipients of these subcorpora it is possible also to find dialectologists dealing with the local dialects of the Suwałki Region, as well as researchers of the Polish language spoken to the east of the Polish border.The polonization suggested in EKorpGP (with reference to subcorpus A) along with subcorpora B and C will ensure a credible source of information for a wide circle of researchers of the phenomena of sociological, ethnological, cultural and historical nature. It should also be taken into account that the issues raised in the utterances given by the Lithuanians of Puńsk will capture the interest of politicians dealing with the national minorities in Poland.The extraordinary value of the materials collected in EKorpGP results from the fact that they reflect the economic, political and civilization transformations of the turbulent period of 1986–2012 in Poland, Lithuania and Europe.
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Национальное сознание литовского национального 4меньшинства в Польше

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Roszko D.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2012
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vol. 36
81-92
EN
In the article, the author raises, essential for the Lithuanian minority in Poland, (1) the issue of comprehending the national identity, homeland, nation, and (2) the im­portance of the Lithuanian language, faith and educational system in the everyday life of the minority. She determines the elements shaping up the identity of the Suwalki Lithu­anians residing in the ethnically cohesive border area, as well as the Suwalki Lithuaniansmoving from one place to another within Poland (internal migration). As the crucial elements of the two groups of Lithuanians, she recognizes their respect for the vernacu­lar – the Lithuanian language, the history of Lithuania, the Catholic faith, and also the interior decorations of the Lithuanian household. Equally essential factors for the Lithu­anian minority residing in the border area are the names, Lithuanian fairy tales and legends, as well as the local folk tales and wildlife. As far as the Suwalki Lithuanians of internal migration are concerned, the aforementioned elements are of less importance or even not physically present. They rather constitute an object of specific homesickness for the Lithuanians of seasonal migration, who pretty willingly and regularly get back to Suwalki, Sejny, Puńsk and its neighbouring areas to spend holidays there. The author also emphasizes the recent economic transformations, particularly those resulting in migrations leading to depopulating the Lithuanian ethnic areas and closing down the schools with the Lithuanian language as a language of instruction.
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Национальное сознание литовского национального меньшинства в Польше

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Roszko D.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2012
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vol. 36
EN
National identity of the Lithuanian minority in PolandIn the article, the author raises, essential for the Lithuanian minority in Poland, (1) the issue of comprehending the national identity, homeland, nation, and (2) the importance of the Lithuanian language, faith and educational system in the everyday life of the minority. She determines the elements shaping up the identity of the Suwalki Lithuanians residing in the ethnically cohesive border area, as well as the Suwalki Lithuanians moving from one place to another within Poland (internal migration). As the crucial elements of the two groups of Lithuanians, she recognizes their respect for the vernacular – the Lithuanian language, the history of Lithuania, the Catholic faith, and also the interior decorations of the Lithuanian household. Equally essential factors for the Lithuanian minority residing in the border area are the names, Lithuanian fairy tales and legends, as well as the local folk tales and wildlife. As far as the Suwalki Lithuanians of internal migration are concerned, the aforementioned elements are of less importance or even not physically present. They rather constitute an object of specific homesickness for the Lithuanians of seasonal migration, who pretty willingly and regularly get back to Suwalki, Sejny, Puńsk and its neighbouring areas to spend holidays there. The author also emphasizes the recent economic transformations, particularly those resulting in migrations leading to depopulating the Lithuanian ethnic areas and closing down the schools with the Lithuanian language as a language of instruction.
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Differences in the formalization of the semantic category of definiteness / indefiniteness

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Roszko D., Roszko R.
Cognitive Studies
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2011
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issue 11
EN
Differences in the formalization of the semantic category of definiteness / indefinitenessBasing on theoretical contrastive studies guidelines, the article defines the semantic category of definiteness/indefiniteness where two basic opposition meanings are being ascribed to. It also distinguishes crucial sub-meanings for this category. The category established like this constitutes a characteristic interlanguage typical of theoretical contrastive studies, which is here used as tertium comparationis for demonstrating the formal differences between Polish, Lithuanian and dialectal exponents to express particular sub/meanings. The differences demonstrated in the article are to confirm a different degree of the formalization of the category in each of the natural codes compared here. The idea of taking the local dialect of Puńsk into consideration results from a clearly visible influence of Polish and Lithuanian on the traditional dialectal system. In consequence, the dialectal system of exponents to express the meanings within the semantic category of definiteness/indefiniteness keeps a high degree of the traditional exponents specialization on one hand, but on the other hand, a low degree of specialization is being ascribed to some forms borrowed from Lithuanian (as a consequence of the Polish language influence), which results from the bilingualism of the Lithuanians living in Poland.
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Teoretyczne badania konfrontatywne

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Roszko D., Roszko R.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2011
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vol. 46
EN
Theoretical contrastive studiesThe contrastive studies criticism in the 60s – 70s of the 20th century was the only basis for quite a few researchers to formulate their opinion on the studies. Although the criticism is becoming out-of date, it has not lost its inertia to disapprovingly dispose to and discourage from contrastive studies. It should be emphasized that the contrastive studies have taken quite a different course since then. The key charge of the lack of a solid basis for the combination of the languages is no longer in effect. The contrastive studies guidelines formed from scratch by the Semantics Research team of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences are evidence for it, successfully finding their application in previously published multi-volume monographs (Koseska, Penčev 1988-2009, Korytkowska, Koseska, Roszko 2007), a number of works of the authorship of S. Karolak, M. Korytkowska, V. Koseska, V. Maldjieva, D. Roszko, R. Roszko and others (compare the bibliography in Korytkowska, Koseska, Roszko 2007), as well as in the Polish-Lithuanian Contrastive Grammar in preparation by D. Roszko, R. Roszko. The fundamental principle of the contrastive studies is orienting the studies from the semantic ground (the interlanguage) to the formal ground. Using the interlanguage as a semantic tertium comparationis creates a solid and explicit basis for the combination of the languages. The bases for theoretical contrastive studies have come into existence at the Institute of Slavic Studies. Therefore, the guidelines for them were applied for the contrast of Slavonic languages (mainly Polish and Bulgarian). Afterwards, the Lithuanian language, belonging to the Baltic languages, was included among the languages being contrasted. It is noticeable that the studies itself and the published works based on the criteria of theoretical contrastive studies refer to less popular and poorly spread languages, that is Polish, Bulgarian and Lithuanian. Moreover, for quite a time the majority of these works were published mainly in Polish and Bulgarian. Despite a few decades of the existence of the new linguistic contrastive method, the above-mentioned facts caused that the method isn’t well-known. The idea of this article is to make the researchers get interested in the guidelines for theoretical contrastive studies and the results of some of the linguistic contrasts carried out until now.
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Polsko-litewskie badania konfrontatywne Zespołu Semantyki Instytutu Slawistyki Polskiej Akademii Nauk

63%
Roszko D., Roszko R.
Acta Baltico-Slavica
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2011
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vol. 35
EN
Polish-Lithuanian contrastive studies conducted by the Department of Semantics of the Institute of Slavic Studies of The Polish Academy of ScienceThe dissertation discusses the research area of the Lithuanian-Polish theoretical contrastive studies, conducted by the Department of ISS PAS, including: [1] Lithuanian-Polish theoretical contrastive studies utilizing the interlanguage (Lithuanian-Polish contrastive grammar), [2] Terminological dictionary (defi nitions of the interlanguage particular sections used in the linguistic contrast along with terminology suggestion for Slavic languages, including Lithuanian), [3] Corpus linguistics and on-line dictionaries (experimental trilingual Bulgarian-Polish-Lithuanian parallel and comparable corpora, experimental corpus of the Lithuanian local dialect of Puńsk and experimental electronic Polish-Lithuanian dictionary), [4] Research on the Lithuanian local dialect of Puńsk in Poland (grammatical description of the local dialect on the basis of the experimental dialectal corpus in contrast with Polish and Lithuanian). Польско-литовские исследования Лаборатории семантики Института Славистики Польской Академии НаукВ статье описываются научные исследования Лаборатории семантики Института Славистики ПАН, которые связаны с исследованием польского и литовского языков. Основные темы: [1] Теоретические польско-литовские сопоставительные исследования с использованием языка-посредника (Польско-литовская сопоставительная грамматика), [2] Терминологический словарь (заключающий содержания основных терминов языка-посредника и предложения самих терминов на польском и литовском языках), [3] Корпусная лингвистика и электронные онлайн-словари (экспериментальный трехязычный болгарско-польско-литовский параллельный корпус, экспериментальный корпус говора окрестностей Пунска и экспериментальный электронный польско-литовский словарь), [4] Исследования литовского говора окрестностей Пунска в Польше (грамматическое описание говора с использованием экспериментального корпуса говора в сопоставлении с польским и литовским языками).
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Experimental Polish-Lithuanian Corpus with the Semantic Annotation Elements

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Roszko D., Roszko R.
Cognitive Studies
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2013
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issue 13
EN
Experimental Polish-Lithuanian Corpus with the Semantic Annotation ElementsIn the article the authors present the experimental Polish-Lithuanian corpus (ECorpPL-LT) formed for the idea of Polish-Lithuanian theoretical contrastive studies, a Polish-Lithuanian electronic dictionary, and as help for a sworn translator. The semantic annotation being brought into ECorpPL-LT is extremely useful in Polish-Lithuanian contrastive studies, and also proves helpful in translation work.
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O zastosowaniach "Eksperymentalnego korpusu polsko-litewskiego" w badaniach nad polszczyzną współczesną oraz w teoretycznych polsko-litewskich badaniach konfrontatywnych

63%
Roszko D., Roszko R.
Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej
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2013
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vol. 48
EN
Applications of the experimental Polish-Lithuanian corpus /EkorpPL-LT/ in research on the contemporary Polish language and in theoretical Polish-Lithuanian contrastive studiesThe experimental Polish-Lithuanian corpus is an extended tool put into effect at the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences, first of all with a view to contrastive studies and the structure of the planned Polish-Lithuanian electronic dictionary. The potential recipients of EKorpPL-LT (obviously apart from linguists) can comprise computer specialists (dealing with computer processing of a language), literary scholars, library science specialists, pedagogues, educationalists, teachers, translators, students. Bi- and multilingual corpora are irreplaceable and indispensable in the process of studying a foreign language.In the article, basing on the examples of several problems, possible ways to apply EKorpPL-LT have been presented. During the experiments carried out it turned out that the parallel corpus is not only an excellent tool for comparison and contrast, but also an instrument allowing to look at every language from a different perspective. Without the perspective it would not be possible to say much about Polish and Lithuanian indicative pronouns, indefinite determiners, dual forms or the vocative case. If it were not for the information based on corpora resources, nobody would be aware that the language of Polish instructions of convenience appliances is not only a commercial effect, but above all an element of the state’s concern for the Polish language.
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Linguistic Parallels Between the Lexemes of the Polish “Kilkanaście” and the Lithuanian “Keliolika” on the Basis of Data from Multilingual Parallel Corpora

63%
Roszko D., Roszko R.
Slavia Meridionalis
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2023
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vol. 23
PL
Wykładniki nieokreśloności ilościowej: polskie kilkanaście i litewskie keliolika tworzą leksykalną paralelę językową. Znaczenie obu leksemów, wskazujące na przybliżoną wartość z zakresu od 11 do 19 włącznie, jest sporadycznie notowane w językach naturalnych. Analizie kontrastywnej poddano wszystkie wyekscerpowane ze znanych wielojęzycznych korpusów równoległych przykłady użycia tych form. Celem jest rozstrzygnięcie, czy zbieżność znaczeń słownikowych obu leksemów znajduje odbicie w jednoczesnym użyciu tych form we wzajemnie sobie odpowiadających segmentach polskich i litewskich.
EN
The exponents of quantitative indefiniteness: Polish kilkanaście and Lithuanian keliolika form a lexical linguistic parallel. The meaning of both lexemes, indicating an approximate value in the range from 11 to 19 inclusive, is sporadically noted in natural languages. All examples of the use of these forms extracted from known multilingual parallel corpora or Polish–Lithuanian language pair were subjected to a contrastive analysis. The aim was to determine whether the convergence of the dictionary meanings of the two lexemes is reflected in the use of these forms in mutually corresponding Polish and Lithuanian sentences/segments.
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Polsko-bułgarskie korpusy IS PAN i CLARIN-PL

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Roszko D., Roszko R., Sosnowski W.
Slavica Lodziensia
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2018
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vol. 2
59-70
EN
Multilingual corpora have found many applications in arts and humanities and social sciences, as well as in translation. A number of ways exist in which multilingual corpora can be used. Translators and CAT users would predominantly use translation memories (TM). Other users can choose from two ways of accessing the resources produced by The Institute of Slavic Studies. In the first method, the user needs to download the open-source TMX translation memories from CLARIN-PL DSpace repository (https://clarin-pl.eu/dspace) and load it into their preferred computer application. One can found free and proprietary applications that facilitate querying multilingual corpora; CLARIN-PL also offers free tools. The other method of accessing the multilingual data produced by The Institute of Slavic Studies does not require any advanced computer skills from the user. CLARIN-PL webpage includes the KonText search engine, which contains also Polish-Bulgarian resources (https://kontext. clarin-pl.eu/). The Polish-Bulgarian corpus contains the following types of resources: (1) fiction literature, (2) specialist literature (literature that is a reflection of the latest technological and cultural developments); and (3) film dialogues, which are the most similar to spoken language.
PL
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Application of multilingual corpus in contrastive studies (on the example of the Bulgarian-Polish-Lithuanian parallel corpus)

51%
Dimitrova L., Koseska-Toszewa V., Roszko D., Roszko R.
Cognitive Studies
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2010
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issue 10
EN
Application of multilingual corpus in contrastive studies (on the example of the Bulgarian-Polish-Lithuanian parallel corpus)In this paper we present applications of a trilingual corpus in language research. Comparative and contrastive studies of Polish and Bulgarian as well as Polish and Lithuanian have been already conducted, but up to the best of our knowledge no such studies exist for Bulgarian and Lithuanian. On the one hand, it is interesting to note that two Slavic languages are compared to a Baltic language (Lithuanian). On the other hand, the three languages are marginally present in the EU because of the later ascension of the three countries to the EU. The paper shortly describes the first electronic Bulgarian–Polish–Lithuanian experimental corpus, currently under development only for research. We also focus our attention on the morphosyntactic annotation of the parallel trilingual corpus according to the Corpus Encoding Standard: we present a review of the Part-of-Speech (POS) classification of the participle in the three languages – Bulgarian, Polish, and Lithuanian in comparison to another POS, the adjective. We briefly discuss tagsets for corpus annotation from the point of view of possible unification in the future with some examples.
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Śp. Profesor Violetta Koseska i jej kluczowe teorie lingwistyczne

51%
Roszko D., Roszko R.
Slavica Lodziensia
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2018
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vol. 2
11-29
PL
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