Clause is devoted to consideration of semantics, structure and poetic functions semantic text universalies as characteristic for ballades the epos textforming units. During research it is revealed, that analyzed structures on semantics can be incorporated thematically. Such structures most are frequently certified with семами conversation, trouble, damnation, site, never; etc. As a whole semantic text Maxpouniversalies represent predicative text universalies, in the majority such, that are expressed by a compound sentence: the complex syntactic whole or a complex syntactic design; such formations are characterized by the maximal cohesion of components therefore they get aphoristic sense.
Article is devoted the analysis of language of the Ukrainian national thoughts. In particu- lar, are considered their basie of text units - tekstovo-shaped universals. The attention is concentrated to the characteristic of predicative tekstovo-shaped structures that corre- spond with sentences. The prepotent words activated for construction of predicative tek- stovo-shaped constructions are analyzed. Predicativc units are described from the point of view of their structural and stylistic singularities.
The aiticle deals with a phenomenon of a stylistic poetic speech - original epithet. The author examines an essence of original epithets and its substantial signs and analyses semantics of unusual epithets structures. The research confirms that an original epithet is a compulsory phenomenon in the poetic speech and the works of folklore. The author emphasises the fact that an exposure and decoding of original epithets is a difficult process, requiring an individual approach.
Folklore researcher M. Maksymowicz introduced the term duma for an epic and lyric genre of orał Ukrainian folk art related to song (cf. the synonymic terms: Cossack song, Cossack epos, Cossack psalm) in 1827. The genre was bom in the 15th c. and sińce the 19th c. it has been the subject of folklore research, linguistics, literary studies, cultural studies, history. The researchers studied its poetics, language, musical shape, form of performance, etc.
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