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1

New Public Management and its Implementation in CEE: What Do we Know and where Do we Go?

100%
Nemec J.
NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy
|
2010
|
vol. 3
|
issue 1
31-52
EN
The paper tries to provide one specific input for future evidence-based public policies in CEE. It discusses the role of New Public Management (NPM) in our region, with the focus on the new CEE EU members and their experience. NPM was, with very limited success, used in many developed countries at the end of last century. It was also part of several reforms, at least in some CEE countries. It may be "misused" for simple cost-cutting, but it may also be well used for better efficiency in the near future of public finance crises. The issue - our core question - is very simple: How to understand: "Adieu NPM"?
2

Public Policy in the Czech Republic

75%
Nemec J.
Central European Journal of Public Policy
|
2015
|
vol. 9
|
issue 1
4-5
3

CONTRACT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON CONTRACTING PUBLIC SERVICES: SLOVAK REPUBLIC

63%
Mikušová-Meričková B., Nemec J.
Ekonomický časopis (Journal of Economics)
|
2013
|
vol. 61
|
issue 7
Nemec
EN
Contracting out is the prevalent types of alternative service-delivery arrangements in public sector. The literature suggests that if the contracting is properly implemented, then it will improve cost-effectiveness, delivery quality, and expenditure control. Using new Slovak data, we explain why contracting does not always produce the expected positive results. We seek to determine the factors that account for success in contracting for public sector services, by testing for a link between contracting performance and quality of contract management. This study uses a quantitative approach to analyse our original survey data. The findings are not positive, because although competitive selection is the key factor determining success, non-competitive selection of suppliers prevails in Slovakia.
4

O NIEKTORÝCH LINGVISTICKÝCH PROBLÉMOCH V TEÓRII VEREJNEJ SPRÁVY

63%
Nemec J., Kukliš P.
Právny obzor. Teoretický časopis pre otázky štátu a práva (Juridical Review. Theoretical journal for the questions of state and law)
|
2015
|
vol. 98
|
issue 6
602 – 611
EN
A clear language is necessary and ultimate precondition for proper understanding of professional texts – however, there are many terms used non-systematically in the Slovak academic literature. Our article deals with problems whentranslating key public administration terms – governance, government, public admnistration and administration. We suggest that the meta-term today is governance, rather difficult to translate properly into the Slovak language – and we ask all the authors to use its possible translations only if this meta-level is discussed. The authors also document the second dimension of translation problems – many existing texts in English do not use core terms properly – one such example is the publicationEuropean Principles for Public Administration – in reality the text deals only with administrative law principles. To prevent problems with translating of terms and different sources we suggest that the “contextual” approach shall be used – first the authors of translations shoud read the text carefully for its contents and only afterwards decide how to translate its core terms.
5

Does Public Administration Higher Education in CEECs Reflect Demands Created by NPM Reforms?

51%
Nemec J., Spacek D., Suwaj P., Modrzejewski A.
Review of Economic Perspectives
|
2011
|
vol. 11
|
issue 3
124-140
EN
The first part of the paper summarizes NPM approaches in public administration reforms in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe (CEECs), and focuses particularly on contracting of public services delivery, outsourcing of supportive services in public organizations and Program (performance) budgeting and performance evaluation and financing. The problems discussed in the first part open a discussion on public management education of civil servants in CEECs with which deals the second part of the paper. The data available clearly indicate that the contents and quality of public management higher education in the three selected countries - Slovakia, Czech Republic and Poland - do not meet the current needs of a modern state.
6

Performance Management and Performance Appraisal: Czech Self-Governments

51%
Špalková D., Špaček D., Nemec J.
NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy
|
2015
|
vol. 8
|
issue 2
69-88
EN
Managing and measuring performance became an important part of administrative reforms motivated by the New Public Management ideology. However, a badly implemented system designed for measuring and managing performance may distort the behaviours of actors. The goal of this paper is to outline the preliminary picture of the current situation of performance management generally and particularly of performance appraisal at the level of the Czech local and regional self-governments. The presented data, despite the fact that our field research covers only a non-representative samples of the “best” self-government bodies, show first that performance and quality management is not a neglected area in the Czech Republic. Its practice is rather decentralized, and the central government focuses on methodical support and coordination rather than on being strict and requiring certain tools to be implemented. The core problems revealed by the interviews are that the implementation of new instruments is usually based on a trial-and-error approach in its beginnings and that the implementation is award- and project-driven. Our preliminary data clearly indicate that the performance-appraisal situation is even more problematic - they indicate that performance-appraisal systems are introduced in only a limited number of self-government authorities. The set of criteria used in the evaluation is problematic, and the objectives of the performance appraisal are unclear for managers. As a general rule, a performance-appraisal system is not directly linked with implemented performance management and especially not with a payment system.
7

Public Administration and Management Reforms in CEE: Main Trajectories and Results

51%
Bouckaert G., Nakrošis V., Nemec J.
NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy
|
2011
|
vol. 4
|
issue 1
9-29
EN
The common feature of CEE systems is that they change drastically. Political systems change, e.g. from dictatorships to democracies, and their elites are removed. Democratic checks and balances are established. State structures are reshuffled, e.g. toward more decentralisation. The economic system changes its nature, e.g. from state monopolies to market systems with private firms. Societal and social systems with NGOs, not-for-profit organisations and citizen action groups are established and are designed for people to participate actively in the public debate and to become stakeholders of their society and their communities (Peters 1996).To achieve planned changes, CEE countries had to choose their strategies. In focusing on the administration and the management of public systems, five scopes of reform are possible, from very narrow and limited to a very widespread and broad span of reform (Pollitt and Bouckaert 2004). Choosing one of these models has tremendous practical implications for the content of a reform programme, for the choice of the reform projects, for the sequence and timing of the reform portfolio. It also requires different tactical choices to be made. One of the issues is how many degrees of freedom there are to reform the public sector.Just as in many other countries, mixed strategies have been chosen for public- sector reform in CEE countries, and these choices have changed over time. However, it seems that the span of reform has rather been broad than narrow. It also seems that tactics could have been more visible than strategy because of electoral cycles.This brings us to the question of the trajectories to move ahead. Our article, heavily based in the joint NISPAcee research project4 tries to respond to some selected dimensions of the question of what the common and different trajectories and selected outcomes of public administration / management reforms are in the CEE region.
8

Management of Contracting Public Services and its Quality in Slovakia

51%
Nemec J., Mikušová Meričková B., Vozárová Z.
NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy
|
2012
|
vol. 5
|
issue 1
55-74
EN
Contracting services in the public sector with private for-profit and non-profit firms is one of the most prevalent types of alternative service-delivering arrangements. Concerning the positive potential of contracting, the relevant literature proposes that contracting may, but need not, improve individual choice, cost-effectiveness and the quality of delivery, equity and to some extent also expenditure control. On the other hand, many authors provide important arguments describing weak points of contracting and some risks connected with contracting services in the public sector. The main “internal” reason why contracting does not produce the expected results and even creates perverse effects in the effectiveness and quality of contracted services, is the improper implementation of contract management. This paper seeks to answer the question of what factors account for success in contracting for services in the public sector by testing the relationship between contracting performance and selected factors connected with contract management such as competition, exante evaluation of bidders, contract monitoring, contract duration, contract payment and joint problem solving and communication between the principal and the agent. This study uses a quantitative approach to investigate the research question and to analyze the original collected survey data from our own research. The research was supported by the Czech Grant Agency projects P403 / 12 / 0366 and P403 / 10 / 1892
9

Health policy in the Czech Republic: General character and selected interesting aspects

51%
Nemec J., Pavlík M., Malý I., Kotherová Z.
Central European Journal of Public Policy
|
2015
|
vol. 9
|
issue 1
102-113
EN
Transformation of the health care system was a task faced by all formerly socialist Central and Eastern European countries. The years of changes revealed a large number of problems, including those induced by the limited capacity of governments to formulate and implement health care reforms. The goal of this article is to reflect the Czech situation. We start by summarizing the historical development of the Czech health care system in the context of government capacity for implementing health policy. In the core parts of this article, we highlight the main features of Czech health policy making and implementation and present an in-depth analysis of two selected country-specific issues - a low level of patient co-payments and a pluralistic insurance-based financing of health services.
10

Municipality Size and Local Public Services: Do Economies of Scale Exist ?

51%
Soukopová J., Nemec J., Matějová L., Struk M.
NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy
|
2014
|
vol. 7
|
issue 2
151-171
EN
Economies of scale are a standard topic in economic theory, frequently applied, for example, in the analysis of monopolies. They exist when a firm optimising its production costs while facing some fixed costs enjoys lower per-unit production costs as the production increases. Similarly to other production units municipalities have to be large enough to minimise average costs. We analysed the local public services in 205 municipalities with extended powers in the Czech Republic for the first time in this context, using regression analysis, a correlation diagram of local public services and statistical analysis. The paper examines this issue using data from 2008 to 2012. Our analysis showed that economies of scale cannot be clearly identified for local services in municipalities with extended powers in the Czech Republic and that the size of a municipality is not a key factor influencing the provision of local services.
11

The Role of Accountability Arrangements in Social Innovations: Evidence from the UK and Slovakia

51%
Nemec J., Orviska M., Lawson C.
NISPAcee Journal of Public Administration and Policy
|
2016
|
vol. 9
|
issue 1
73-96
EN
Our research focuses on selected accountability mechanisms in the two countries. In Slovakia these are the Supreme Audit Office (SAO) and the Ombudsman. In the UK, at the national level we chose the Committee of Public Accounts (PAC), the National Audit Office (NAO) and the Parliamentary and Health Service Ombudsman (PHSO) and on the local level the relatively recently introduced local government system of Scrutiny and Overview. The goal of our article is to assess the potential contribution of these accountability arrangements to the anchoring of social innovation in the public sector. The theory anticipates that accountability institutions such as the SAO and Ombudsman may create feedback loops supporting public innovations. We undertook detailed checks on the concrete situation in the Slovak Republic and in the UK. On the basis of the comprehensive set of data reviewed, including reports, interviews and more generally available information, we can confidently conclude that while in Slovakia such a feedback loop barely functions, in the UK it does function on a limited but still significant scale. In the last part we provide selected arguments why the Slovak situation is less positive.
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