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EN
Monitoring of cardiovascular hemodynamic changes requires a very expensive and highly specialized equipment and skilled medical personnel. Up to the present time, an inexpensive, non-invasive and easy-to-use method which, like Doppler echocardiography, magnetic resonance angiography or radionuclide imaging, would assess hemodynamics of the cardiovascular system was not available. A method known as impedance cardiography (ICG) or thoracic electrical bioimpedance cardiography (TEBC) meets those criteria. It is non-invasive, which is of a particular advantage over the conventional methods that require catheterization. As a result, the patient is not at risk of possible complications and the procedure is less expensive and easier. Impedance cardiography, despite its non-invasive character, has not been so far extensively used for monitoring of hemodynamic parameters in hospitalized patients. Various authors report that attempts have been continued to compare the results from ICG and those obtained by other diagnostic methods. This paper presents the use of impedance cardiography in diagnosis of hypertension, cardiac insufficiency, differentiating the causes of acute dyspnea, as well as in assessing the effects of cardiac rehabilitation in patients with heart failure.
EN
Impedance cardiography seems to be a very good, although underappreciated diagnostic method. What may distinguish it from among the many research methods is the fact that it enables non-invasive monitoring of cardiac output, stroke volume and systemic vascular resistance. Holter recording of the hemodynamic parameters makes it possible to study them not only in stationary (hospital, outpatient clinic) conditions, but also during household or professional activities, e.g., during road vehicle driving. Assessment of the trends of changes in the circulatory system of the employee at work makes it possible to judge whether the type of work performed by the worker is well tolerated – whether it is not too hard or too stressful. This is important, therefore, impedance cardiography can be extensively used in occupational medicine. Provision of preventive care to workers according to current standards requires, on the one hand, the use of the latest diagnostic methods while, on the other hand, the methods must be inexpensive, because otherwise the employer would not be able or willing to pay the associated costs. Impedance cardiography meets those criteria; however, few data is available in literature worldwide on the use of this method in the research on the impact of occupational work on cardiovascular responses of the employees. This work reports the use of impedance cardiography in studies on the various aspects of work environment.
EN
Background In Poland cardiovascular diseases (CVD), classified as work-related diseases, are responsible for 25% of disability and cause 50% of all deaths, including 26.9% of deaths in people aged under 65 years. The aim of the study was to analyze employee expectations regarding CVD- oriented prophylactic activities in the selected enterprise. Material and Methods A questionnaire, developed for this study, consists of: socio-demographic data, job characteristics, occupational factors, and questions about the respondents’ expectations concerning the prevention program. The study group comprised 407 multi-profile company employees aged (mean) 46.7 years (standard deviation (SD) = 9.1), including 330 men (81.1%), mean age = 46.9 (SD = 9.2) and 77 women (18.9%), mean age = 45.9 (SD = 8.2) The study was performed using the method of auditorium survey. Results Employees declared the need for actions related to physical activity: use of gym, swimming pool, tennis (56.5%), smoking habits – education sessions on quitting smoking (24.6%). A few people were interested in activities related to healthy diet. According to the majority of the study group, the scope of preventive examinations should be expanded. Based on our own findings and literature data CVD- -oriented preventive program, addressed to the analyzed enterprise was prepared. The program will be presented in another paper. Conclusions The results showed significant quantitative and qualitative differences in the classic and occupational CVD risk factors between men and women, as well as in preferences for participation in prevention programs. Therefore, gender differences should be taken into account when planning prevention programs. Med Pr 2017;68(6):757–769
PL
Wstęp Choroby układu krążenia (ChUK), zaliczane do chorób związanych z pracą, są przyczyną 25% niezdolności do pracy i 50% wszystkich zgonów w Polsce, w tym 26,9% zgonów osób przed 65. rokiem życia. Założeniem pracy była analiza oczekiwań pracowników wybranego przedsiębiorstwa odnośnie do działań profilaktycznych ukierunkowanych na ChUK w zależności od płci. Materiał i metody Na potrzeby badania przygotowano ankietę obejmującą dane socjodemograficzne, charakterystykę pracy, czynniki środowiska pracy i pytania dotyczące oczekiwań respondentów odnośnie do planowanego programu profilaktycznego. Grupę badaną stanowiło losowo dobranych 407 pracowników wieloprofilowego przedsiębiorstwa. Średnia wieku badanych wynosiła 46,7 roku (odchylenie standardowe (standard deviation – SD) = 9,1) – 330 mężczyzn (81,1%) o średniej wieku = 46,9 roku (SD = 9,2) i 77 kobiet (18,9%) o średniej wieku = 45,9 roku (SD = 8,2). Badania przeprowadzono z zastosowaniem ankiety audytoryjnej. Wyniki Potrzebę działań w zakresie aktywności fizycznej (korzystanie z siłowni, basenu, sali gimnastycznej, kortu tenisowego) zgłosiło 56,5% badanych, a w zakresie walki z nałogiem palenia (sesje edukacyjne dotyczące zaprzestania palenia) – 24,6%. Niewielki odsetek osób był zainteresowany działaniami dotyczącymi zdrowego żywienia. Według większości badanych zakres badań profilaktycznych powinien być rozszerzony. Na podstawie niniejszych badań i danych z piśmiennictwa przygotowano program profilaktyczny przeznaczony dla przedsiębiorstwa, w którym przeprowadzono badania. Program i wyniki jego ewaluacji będą przedstawione w kolejnej publikacji. Wnioski Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników wykazano istotne ilościowe i jakościowe różnice dotyczące pozazawodowych i zawodowych czynników ryzyka ChUK między grupą kobiet a mężczyzn oraz preferencji dotyczących udziału w programach profilaktycznych. Wyniki wskazują, że przy planowaniu programów profilaktycznych należy uwzględniać różnice wynikające z płci. Med. Pr. 2017;68(6):757–769
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